ATI PEDIATRICS PROCTORED EXAM- QUESTIONS ANS ANSWERS (EXPLAINED IN DETAILS) UPDATED LATEST 2023.

ATI PEDIATRICS PROCTORED EXAM- QUESTIONS ANS ANSWERS (EXPLAINED IN DETAILS) UPDATED LATEST 2023. 1. The nurse is reviewing laboratory results. Which cation will the nurse observe is the most abundant in the blood? a. Sodium b. Chloride c. Potassium d. Magnesium ANS: A Sodium is the most abundant cation in the blood. Potassium is the predominant intracellular cation. Chloride is an anion (negatively charged) rather than a cation (positively charged). Magnesium is found predominantly inside cells and in bone. 7. The nurse receives the patient’s most recent blood work results. Which laboratory value is of greatest concern? a. Sodium of 145 mEq/L b. Calcium of 15.5 mg/dL c. Potassium of 3.5 mEq/L d. Chloride of 100 mEq/L ANS: B Normal calcium range is 8.4 to 10.5 mg/dL; therefore, a value of 15.5 mg/dL is abnormally high and of concern. The rest of the laboratory values are within their normal ranges: sodium 136 to 145 mEq/L; potassium 3.5 to 5.0 mEq/L; and chloride 98 to 106 mEq/L. 8. The nurse observes that the patient’s calcium is elevated. When checking the phosphate level, what does the nurse expect to see? a. Increased b. Decreased c. Equal to calcium d. No change in phosphate ANS: B Phosphate will decrease. Serum calcium and phosphate have an inverse relationship. When one is elevated, the other decreases, except in some patients with end-stage renal disease. 9. Four patients arrive at the emergency department at the same time. Which patient will the nurse see first? a. An infant with temperature of 102.2° F and diarrhea for 3 days b. A teenager with a sprained ankle and excessive edema A middle-aged adult with abdominal pain who is moaning and holding c. her stomach An older adult with nausea and vomiting for 3 days with blood d. pressure 112/60 ANS: A The infant should be seen first. An infant’s proportion of total body water (70% to 80% total body weight) is greater than that of children or adults. Infants and young children have greater water needs and immature kidneys. They are at greater risk for extracellular volume deficit and hypernatremia because body water loss is proportionately greater per kilogram of weight. A teenager with excessive edema from a sprained ankle can wait. A middle-aged adult moaning in pain can wait as can an older adult with a blood pressure of 112/60.