Eyewitness testimony :
Misleading Information
Loftus and Palmer C 19747 Leading questions :
procedure
45 participants ( students) watched film clips of car accidents and then answered questions about speed .
For example : about goring hit eachother
'
when
how fast was the cars
they
.
5
groups of participants ,
each
given a different verb in the above question : hit . contacted , bumped , collided
or smashed
Findings
' '
contacted estimated speed of 31.8 mph and smashed
'
The verb produced a mean the verb '
, the
mean was 40.5 Mph
the
teaching question cverb) biased eyewitness recall
of an event .
The verb '
smashed
'
'
suggested faster speed
'
the car contacted
a
of than
why do leading questions affect EWT ?
1. response -
bias explanation
question
'
words
of a has no enduring effect on an
eyewitness memory of an event , but
the kind of answer given
ingwences
2. Substitution exploitation
wording of a
question owes affect eyewitness memory ,
it interferes with the
original memory,
distorting its accuracy
Gabbert et al [ 2003) Post event discussion
Procedure
Paired participants watched a video
of the same crime , but filmed so each participant could see element
in the event that the other could not .
Both
participants discussed what they had seen on the video
before individually completing a test of
recall
Findings
71% of participants wrongly recalled aspects the event they did not see the video but had
of in
heard in the discussion .
control there was discussion and subsequent
groups no no errors
-
this was evidence of memory conformity
.
Why does post -
event
nngomatoon affect EWT?
1.
Memory contamination
Misleading Information
Loftus and Palmer C 19747 Leading questions :
procedure
45 participants ( students) watched film clips of car accidents and then answered questions about speed .
For example : about goring hit eachother
'
when
how fast was the cars
they
.
5
groups of participants ,
each
given a different verb in the above question : hit . contacted , bumped , collided
or smashed
Findings
' '
contacted estimated speed of 31.8 mph and smashed
'
The verb produced a mean the verb '
, the
mean was 40.5 Mph
the
teaching question cverb) biased eyewitness recall
of an event .
The verb '
smashed
'
'
suggested faster speed
'
the car contacted
a
of than
why do leading questions affect EWT ?
1. response -
bias explanation
question
'
words
of a has no enduring effect on an
eyewitness memory of an event , but
the kind of answer given
ingwences
2. Substitution exploitation
wording of a
question owes affect eyewitness memory ,
it interferes with the
original memory,
distorting its accuracy
Gabbert et al [ 2003) Post event discussion
Procedure
Paired participants watched a video
of the same crime , but filmed so each participant could see element
in the event that the other could not .
Both
participants discussed what they had seen on the video
before individually completing a test of
recall
Findings
71% of participants wrongly recalled aspects the event they did not see the video but had
of in
heard in the discussion .
control there was discussion and subsequent
groups no no errors
-
this was evidence of memory conformity
.
Why does post -
event
nngomatoon affect EWT?
1.
Memory contamination
