WGU D075 - Study Guide with Complete Solutions

Infrastructure - ANSWER-Underlying foundation of organization or project. The basic framework. What is infrastructure important? How does it support organizational effectiveness? - ANSWER-Everything else is built upon it. It allows change and evolution of the business. Paradigm Shift - ANSWER-Total shift in thinking. How does a paradigm shift support organizational effectiveness? - ANSWER-Allows critical business decisions. Information Technology - ANSWER-The study, design, mgmt. & development of software & hardware. How does information technology support organizational effectiveness? - ANSWER-Supports business processes, but is also an integral part of the business products produced. What are the 6 components of IT? - ANSWER-Hardware Software Networks Data People Processes Hardware - ANSWER-The physical parts of a computer, such as the RAM, CPU & NIC. Software - ANSWER-Collection of computer programs, such as Excel & Photoshop. Networks - ANSWER-Two or more computers connected together to communicate & share resources. What are some examples of types of networks? - ANSWER-LAN, MAN, CAN & WAN Data - ANSWER-Collection of information. What is an example of data? - ANSWER-Internet Usage & Social Media Activity. The most valuable asset to a business after finances. People - ANSWER-IT Personnel & End Users What is important about people? - ANSWER-They are the key to the IT infrastructure. Processes - ANSWER-Any task/activity a computer performs. Consists of the applications a business uses in its daily operations. What are 6 components of hardware? - ANSWER-Mainframe, Midrange & Micro Computers, Desktop, Laptop & Handheld Computers Mainframe Computer - ANSWER-Massive, room-sized computer that can process and store enormous amounts of bulk data and information. Ex.: Credit Card companies would use a mainframe. Midrange Computer - ANSWER-Less powerful & smaller in size than a mainframe w/same ability, just on a smaller scale. Ex.: CVS Micro Computer - ANSWER-Least powerful computer in terms of power. Ex.: Desktop, Laptop, Tablet & Handheld Desktop - ANSWER-Computer made to reside on a desk for personal use. Laptop - ANSWER-Computer designed for portability for personal use. Handheld - ANSWER-Personal Digital Assistant (PDA) used to organize information. What are 2 categories of software? - ANSWER-System & Application System Software - ANSWER-Software that runs in the background & requires very little to no user intervention. An example is Operating Systems. Application Software - ANSWER-Software designed to for the user to complete a certain task. Examples include MS Word, Excel, PP, etc. Operating System - ANSWER-A collection of computer programs that work together to manage hardware & software to ensure they are working properly. An example is Windows 10. Graphical User Interface (GUI) - ANSWER-Visual system of computer screen designs that allow user to interact w/electronic device. Ex.: File Manager Multitasking - ANSWER-Handling more than one task at a time. Ex.: Switching back & forth between screens. Computer Process - ANSWER-Any task a computer performs. Ex.: Running OS What are 4 types of Memory Management? - ANSWER-Cache Random Access Memory (RAM) Registers Virtual Memory Cache - ANSWER-A hardware or software component that stores data, so that future requests for the data can be served faster. Random Access Memory (RAM) - ANSWER-Memory that allows data to be accessed in any order w/o physical movement of silicone media. Registers - ANSWER-Location in a store of data for specific purpose that has a quick access time. Virtual Memory - ANSWER-Appears as main storage, but actually most data is held in secondary storage, transfer is automatic between the two. What are 5 types of Disk Management? - ANSWER-Solid State Drive (SSD) Disk Storage Optical Drive File Allocation Table (FAT) Nonvolatile Solid State Drive - ANSWER-Uses integrated circuit assemblies as memory to store data persistently, typically using flash memory. Disk Storage - ANSWER-Nonvolatile, secondary storage on physical or optical device with read/write apparatus. Optical Drive - ANSWER-Uses optical, laser light, techniques to read/write data. File Allocation Table (FAT) - ANSWER-Table of contents that directs read/write arm of hard drive to where data is for user. Nonvolatile - ANSWER-Retaining data even after power is lost. Name 5 types of software. - ANSWER-Word Processing Spreadsheets Databases Presentation Software Productivity Suites Word Processing - ANSWER-Application software used to create, edit & print documents. Ex - Word