ATI-TEAS Question Bank 2022

ATI-TEAS Question Bank 2022 What is the name of the structure that prevents food from entering the airway? a) trachea b) esophagus c) diagram d) epiglottis (Test 1) ANS - d) epiglottis "the epiglottis covers the trachea during swallowing, thus preventing food from entering the airway" ?= aka the windpipe - is a cylindrical portion of the respiratory tract that joins the larynx with the lungs (Test 1) ANS - Trachea ?= connects the throat to the stomach - when someone swallows, this contracts to force the food down into the stomach - like other structures in the respiratory system, this structure secretes mucus for lubrication (Test 1) ANS - Esophagus Which substance makes up the pads that provide support between the vertebrae? a) bone b) cartilage c) tendon d) fat (Test 1) ANS - b) cartilage Where is the parathyroid gland located? a) neck b) back c) side d) brain (Test 1) ANS - a) neck Which element w/in the respiratory system is responsible for removing foreign matter from the lungs? a) bronchial tubes b) cilia c) trachea d) alveoli (Test 1) ANS - b) cilia (READ STARRED BULLET POINT****) ATI-TEAS Question Bank 2022 - the cilia are the tiny hairs in the respiratory system that are responsible for removing foreign matter from the lungs **the cilia are located within the BRONCHIAL TUES, BUT it is the cilia that have the responsibility for removing inappropriate materials b4 they enter the lungs** Organized from high to low, the hierarchy of the human body's structure is as follows: organism, organ system, organs, tissues Which of the following comes next? a) molecules b) atoms c) cells d) muscle (Test 1) ANS - d) cells after cells comes molecules & then atoms On average, how many neutrons does one atom of bromine (Br) have? NOTE: - atomic #= 35 - atomic mass= 79.9 a) 35 b) 44.90 c) 45 d) 79.90 (Test 1) ANS - b) 44.90 to determine the number of neutrons (n), subtract the atomic number (35) from the atomic mass (79.9) 79.9 - 35 = 44.90 On average, how many protons does one atom of zinc (Zn) have? NOTE: - atomic # = 30 - atomic mass = 65.39 a) 30 b) 35 c) 35.39 d) 65.39 (Test 1) ANS - a) 30 - The number of protons is the atomic number - The number of protons is the same for every atom of a given element What is the name of the process in the lungs by which oxygen is transported from the air to the blood? a) osmosis b) diffusion c) dissipation d) reverse osmosis (Test 1) ANS - b) diffusion cannot be osmosis- osmosis is the movement of a solution from an area of low conc to an area of higher conc through a permeable membrane cannot be dissipation- dissipation is any wasteful consumption or use cannot be reverse osmosis- a process for purifying a solution by forcing it through a membrane that blocks only certain pollutants Which gland is responsible for the regulation of calcium levels? a) parathyroid glands b) thyroid glands c) adrenal glands d) pancreas (Test 1) ANS - a) parathyroid glands "The parathyroid glands are 4 small glands that sit on top of the thyroid gland and regulate calcium levels by secreting parathyroid hormone. The hormone regulates the amount of CALCIUM & MAGNESIUM that is excreted by the KIDNEYS into the URINE" Which secretion of the digestive system is responsible for water reabsorption? a) large intestine b) duodenum c) small intestine d) gallbladder (Test 1) ANS - a) large intestine LI main functions: - reabsorption of water into body to form solid waste** - allows for absorption of vit K Which of the following describes one responsibility of the integumentary system? a) distributing vital substances (such as nutrients) throughout the body b) blocking pathogens that cause diseases c) sending leaked fluids from the cardiovascular system back to the blood vessels d) storing bodily hormones that influence gender traits (Test 1) ANS - b) blocking pathogens that cause diseases "The integumetnary system includes skin, hair, & mucous membranes, all of which are responsible (in part) for blocking disease-causing pathogens from entering the blood stream" IT CANNOT be A b/c the circulatory system distributes vital substances through the body IT CANNOT be C b/c the lymphatic system sends leaked fluids from the cardiovascular system back to the blood vessels IT CANNOT be D b/c the reproductive system stores bodily hormones that influence gender traits When are the parasympathetic nerves active w/in the nervous system? When an individual.... a) experiences a strong emotion, such as fear or excitement b) feels pain or heat c) is either talking or walking d) is either resting or eating (Test 1) ANS - d) when an individual is either resting or eating When are the sympathetic nerves active w/in the nervous system? When an individual.... a) experiences a strong emotion, such as fear or excitement b) feels pain or heat c) is either talking or walking d) is either resting or eating (Test 1) ANS - a) when an individual experiences a strong emotion, such as fear or excitement When are the sensory neurons active w/in the nervous system? When an individual.... a) experiences a strong emotion, such as fear or excitement b) feels pain or heat c) is either talking or walking d) is either resting or eating (Test 1) ANS - b) when an individual feels pain or heat When are the sensory-somatic ns active w/in the nervous system? When an individual.... a) experiences a strong emotion, such as fear or excitement b) feels pain or heat c) is either talking or walking d) is either resting or eating (Test 1) ANS - c) when an individual is either talking or walking Which of the following best describes the relationship b/w the circulation system & the integumentary system a) removal of excess heat from body b) hormonal influence on bp c) regulation of blood's pressure and volume d) development of blood cells w/in marrow (Test 1) ANS - a) removal of excess heat from body "the integumentary system (ie: skin, hair, etc) coordinates with the circulatory system to remove excess heat from the body. The superficial blood vessels (nearest the skin surface) dilate to allow the heat to exit the body" NOT B b/c the hormonal influence on bp is the result of the relationship b/w the circulatory system and the endocrine system NOT C b/c the urinary system is responsible for assisting in the regulation of blood's pressure and volume NOT D b/c the skeletal system is responsible for assisting in the development of blood vessels w/in the marrow The hormonal influence on bp is the result of the relationship between the circulatory system & the ? system (Test 1) ANS - Endocrine System The ? system is responsible for assisting in the regulation of blood's pressure and volume (Test 1) ANS - Urinary System The ? system is responsible for assisting in the development of blood vessels w/in the marrow ANS - Skeletal System Once blood has been oxygenated, it travels through the pulmonary veins, through the left atrium, and then through the ? before entering the left ventricle a) tricuspid valve b) mitral valve c) pulmonary arteries d) aorta (Test 1) ANS - b) mitral valve The part of the human excretory system most responsible for maintaining normal body temperature is the: a) kidney b) bladder c) liver d) sweat glands (Test 1) ANS - d) sweat glands NOTE: the kidney, bladder, & liver are not involved in regulating body temperature A part of which body system controls fluid loss, protects deep tissues, and synthesizes vitamin D? a) skeletal system b) muscular system c) lymphatic system d) integumentary system (Test 1) ANS - d) integumentary system (includes skin, hair, mucous membranes) There are three insects that are being compared under a microscope.....Which unit of measurement would be best for this situation? a) centimeters b) meters c) micrometers d) kilometers (Test 1) ANS - c) micrometers (smallest unit of measurement; note also using microscope to measure so it is very small) The respiratory system ? oxygen and ? carbon dioxide a) inhales; exhales b) delivers; expels c) creates; absorbs d) exhales; inhales (Test 1) ANS - b) delivers; expels Our respiratory systems (RS) INHALE AIR, of which oxygen is one component. From that inhaled air, the RS DELIVERS OXYGEN Through gas exchange, it EXPELS CARBON DIOXIDE from the body as we EXHALE ** We do not use our RS to exhale o2 or inhale co2 (re: d) What is the name for any substance that stimulates the production of antibodies a) collagen b) hemoglobin c) lymph d) antigen (Test 1) ANS - d) antigen The name for a substance that stimulates the production of antibodies is an antigen. An antigen is any substance perceived by the immune system as dangerous. When the body senses an antigen, it produces an antibody Which group of major parts and organs make up the immune system? a) lymphatic system, spleen, tonsils, thymus, & bone marrow b) brain, spinal cord, & nerve cells c) heart, veins, arteries, & capillaries d) nose, trachea, bronchial tubes, lungs, alveolus, & diaphragm (Test 1) ANS - a) lymphatic system, spleen, tonsils, thymus, & bone marrow Which of the following cannot exist in RNA? a) uracil b) thymine c) cytosine d) guanine (Test 1) ANS - b) thymine In which of the following muscle types are the filaments arranged in a disorderly manner? a) cardiac b) smooth c) skeletal d) rough (Test 1) ANS - b) smooth smooth muscle tissue is said to be arranged in a disorderly fashion b/c it is NOT STRIATED like the other 2 types of muscle (cardiac and skeletal) Rough muscle does not exist (1) Identify the tissue(s) that is/are striated (2) Identify the tissue(s) that is/are NOT striated a) cardiac b) smooth c) skeletal d) rough (Test 1) ANS - (1) Striated - a- cardiac - c- skeletal (2) Not Striated - a- smooth ** rough does not exist!! Which hormone is produced by the pineal gland? a) insulin b) testosterone c) melatonin d) epinephrin (Test 1) ANS - c) melatonin MELATONIN= primary function is regulation of the circadian cycle (rhythum of sleep/wakefulness) INSULIN= helps regulate the amount of glucose in the body - w/o insulin, the body is unable to convert blood sugar into energy TESTOSTERONE= the main hormone produced by the testes; responsible for male sex characteristics EPINEPHRINE= AKA ADRENALINE; quickens/strengthens the heartbeat & dilates the bronchioles; secreted when the body senses danger In the development of genetic traits, one gene must match to one ? for the traits to develop correctly a) codon b) protein c) amino acid d) chromosome (Test 1) ANS - b) protein Which of the following is not composed of skeletal muscle a) quadriceps b) uterus c) triceps d) gastrocnemius (Test 1) ANS - b) uterus SKELETAL MUSCLES are voluntary muscles that help support the skeletal structures (ex: biceps, triceps, quads, gluteus, gastrocnemius muscles, etc) SMOOTH MUSCLES are involuntary muscles primarily found in the visceral organs (ex: intestines, prostate, reproductive organs, bladder, trachea) Which of the following best describes the careful ordering of molecules w/in solids that have a fixed shape? a) physical bonding b) polar molecules c) metalloid structure d) crystalline order (Test 1) ANS - d) crystalline order "solids with a fixed shape have a crystalline order that defines and maintains that shape" Which of the following structures move downward during inspiration? a) lungs b) diaphragm c) ribs d) heart (Test 1) ANS - b) diaphragm The diaphragm moves downward or contracts to increase the space in the thoracic cavity. This downward motion inflates the lungs and contracts the ribs. The heart's position does not change during inspiration or expiration Which of the following describes the transport network that is responsible for the transference of proteins throughout the cell? a) golgi apparatus b) endoplasmic reticulum c) mitochondria d) nucleolus (Test 1) ANS - b) endoplasmic reticulum Note: the golgi apparatus assists in the transport but the ER is the actual transport network Which of the following statements is correct about normal human lung anatomy? R= right; L= left a) the R lung has 3 lobes; the L lung has 2 lobes b) the R lung has 2 lobes; the L lung has 3 lobes c) both lungs have 2 lobes d) both lungs have 3 lobes (Test 1) ANS - a) the right lung has 3 lobes; the left lung has 2 lobes All of the following belong together except: a) ventricle b) alveoli c) atrium d) septum (Test 1) ANS - b) alveoli ALVEOLI are air sacs found w/in the lung parenchyma and are not part of the cardiac system (a,c,d are part of cardiac system) SEPTUM= is the dividing wall b/w the R and L sides of the heart ATRIUM= Upper 2 chambers of the heart VENTRICLE= Lower 2 chambers of the heart Which system's primary function is to release hormones? a) cardiovascular b) endocrine c) integumentary d) immune (Test 1) ANS - b) endocrine The endocrine system is made up of the pituitary gland, thyroid gland, parathyroid glands, adrenal glands, pancreas, ovaries, and testicles. They secrete hormones that help regulate mood, growth and development, tissue function, metabolism, and sexual function and reproductive processes The heart is located in which of the following areas? a) pelvic b) abdominopelvic c) abdominal d) thoracic (Test 1) ANS - d) thoracic The thoracic cavity extends from the neck to the diaphragm Major structures of the thoracic cavity are ribs, heart, lungs, mediastinum, trachea, and the esophagus A substance is considered acidic if it has a pH (LESS/MORE?) than 7 ANS - Less than 7 Which of the following choices best describes the location of the trachea in relation to the esophagus? a) lateral b) anterior c) posterior d) dorsal (Test 1) ANS - b) anterior A triple beam balance would show the units of measurement in which form? a) liters b) grams c) meters d) gallons (Test 1) ANS - b) grams A triple beam balance measures the weight of an object Which of the following best describes one of the roles of RNA? a) manufacturing the proteins needed for DNA b) creating the bonds b/w the elements that compose DNA c) sending messages about the correct sequence of proteins in DNA d) forming the identifiable "double helix" shape of DNA (Test 1) ANS - c) sending messages about the correct sequence of proteins in DNA Which of the following do CATALYSTS alter to control the rate of a chemical reaction a) substrate energy b) activation energy c) inhibitor energy d) promoter energy (Test 1) ANS - b) activation energy How many layers of skin do humans have? a) 1 b) 2 c) 3 d) 4 (Test 1) ANS - c) 3 3 Layers of skin called the epidermis, dermis, and subcutaneous fat Which item in the following list is NOT one of the major types of bones in the human body? a) dense bone b) long bone c) short bone d) irregular bone (Test 2) ANS - a) dense bone The human body has 5 types of bones: - long - short - irregular - flat - sesamoid While bones may be dense, this is not a major category of bones in the body Which of the following bone types is embedded in tendons? a) long bones b) sesamoid bones c) flat bones d) verticle bones (Test 2) ANS - b) sesamoid bones Which of the following is not a product of respiration? a) carbon dioxide b) water c) glucose d) ATP (Test 2) ANS - c) glucose "In respiration, food is used to produce energy as glucose and oxygen that reaction to produce carbon dioxide, water, and ATP" Of the following, the blood vessel containing the least-oxygenated blood is: a) the aorta b) the vena cava c) the pulmonary artery d) the capillaries (Test 2) ANS - c) the pulmonary artery Test 2 #10- see p292 Since the pulmonary artery is the last step b4 replenishment of the blood's oxygen content, it contains the blood which is the most oxygen depleted Which layer of the heart contains striated muscle fibers for contraction of the heart? a) pericardium b) epicardium c) endocardium d) myocardium (Test 2) ANS - d) myocardium The myocardium is the layer of the heart that contains the muscle fibers responsible for contraction **HINT: MYO is the prefix for muscle** The endocardium & epicardium are the inner and outer layers of the heart wall the pericardium is the sac in which the heart sits inside the chest cavity Which blood vessel carries oxygenated blood back to the heart? a) pulmonary vein b) pulmonary artery c) aorta d) superior vena cava (Test 2) ANS - a) pulmonary vein TRICKY QUESTION! Most of the time veins carry deoxygenated blood and arteries carry oxygenated blood However, in this case, the pulmonary veins carry oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart and the pulmonary arteries carry deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs How is meiosis similar to mitosis? a) both produce daughter cells that are genetically identical b) both produce daughter cells that are genetically different c) both occur in humans, other animals, and plants d) both occur asexually (Test 2) ANS - c) both occur in humans, other animals, and plants MITOSIS produces cells that are genetically IDENTICAL **ONLY mitosis occurs ASEXUALLY** MEIOSIS produces cells that are genetically DIFFERENT How do DNA and RNA function together as part of the human genome? a) DNA carries genetic info from RNA to the cell cytoplasm b) RNA carries genetic info from DNA to the cell cytoplasm c) DNA and RNA carry genetic info from the cell nucleus to the cytoplasm d) DNA and RNA do not interact w/in the cell (Test 2) ANS - b) RNA carries genetic info from DNA to the cell cytoplasm DNA is the primary carrier of genetic info in most cells RNA serves as a messenger that transmits genetic info from DNA to the cytoplasm of the cell The majority of nutrient absorption occurs in the: a) mouth b) stomach c) small intestine d) large intestine (Test 2) ANS - c) small intestine Food passes thru the SI.... (SI= where nutrients are absorbed) ....and then into the LI (LI= where extra water is absorbed) Which of the following characteristics is part of a person's genotype: a) brown eyes that appear hazel in the sunlight b) CFTR genes that cause cystic fibrosis c) black hair that grows rapidly d) being a fast runner (Test 2) ANS - b) CFTR genes that cause cystic fibrosis GENOTYPE= describes a person's genetic makeup PHENOTYPE= describes a person's observable characteristics Among the choices, the CFTR gene refers to genetic makeup while the other choices describe traits that are observable Where is the interstitial fluid found? a) in the blood an in the lymphatic vessels b) in the tissues around cells c) in the cells d) in the ventricles of the brain (Test 2) ANS - b) in the tissues around cells INTERSTITIAL FLUID INTRACELLULAR FLUID is found w/in the cells (c) CEREBROSPINAL FLUID is found in the ventricles of the brain and down into the spinal cord (d) BLOOD & LYMPH are the fluids that carry nutrients, oxygen, waste, and lymph material throughout the body (a) Which type of cell secretes antibodies? a) bacterial cell b) viral cell c) lymph cell d) plasma cell (Test 2) ANS - d) plasma cell Plasma cells secrete antibodies **** What type of molecules are enzymes? a) water molecules b) protein molecules c) tripolar molecules d) inorganic molecules (Test 2) ANS - b) protein molecules Which structure controls the hormones secreted by the pituitary gland? a) hypothalamus b) adrenal gland c) testes d) pancreas (Test 2) ANS - a) hypothalamus ADRENAL GLANDS lie above the kidneys, secrete steroidal hormones, epinephrine, and norepinephrine (b) PANCREAS secretes insulin and a fluid that aids in digestion (d) Where does gas exchange occur in the human body? a) alveoli b) bronchi c) larynx d) pharyn (Test 2) ANS - a) alveoli ALVEOLI= the minute air sacs on the interior of the lungs BRONCHI= large cartilage-based tubes of air; they extend from the trachea into the lungs, where they branch apart LARYNX= houses the vocal cords, is positioned b/w the trachea and the pharynx; is involved in swallowing, breathing, and speaking In order to enter the BRONCHI or LARYNX, air and other matters must pass through the PHARYNX The PHARYNX extends from the nose to the uppermost portion of the trachea and esophagus All of the following belong together except: a) trachea b) bronchi c) esophagus d) larynx (Test 2) ANS - c) esophagus **** The esophagus is the only structure that is not part of the respiratory system; it is part of the digestive system **** An atom has 5 protons, 5 neutrons, and 6 electrons. What is the electric charge of this atom? a) neutral b) positive c) negative d) undetermined (Test 2) ANS - c) negative protons= + neutrons= neutral electrons = - Which of the following best describes the structures found underneath each rib in descending order? a) vein, nerve, artery b) artery, vein, nerve c) vein, artery, nerve d) nerve, vein, artery (Test 2) ANS - c) vein, artery, nerve Which of the following is true regarding the primary function of the spleen? a) it produces bile to emulsify fats b) it filters microorganisms and other foreign substances from the blood c) it helps control blood glucose levels and regulates bp d) it regulates blood clotting factors (Test 2) ANS - b) it filters microorganisms and other foreign substances from the blood The spleen's job is to filter the blood by removing dead or dying red blood cells as well as microorganisms Which of the following is a protein that interferes with virus protection? a) lysozyme b) prion c) interferon d) keratin (Test 2) ANS - c) interferon INTERFERE "Interferons are members of a larger class of proteins called cytokines. Cytokines are specialized proteins that carry large signals b/w cells. Interferons are proteins that are produced by cells infected by pathogens such as viruses. They signal neighboring cells to produce antiviral proteins which help prevent the spread of infection" Which of the following does not contain blood vessels? a) hyperdermis b) hypodermis c) dermis d) epidermis (Test 2) ANS - d) epidermis What structure releases hormones that stimulate the gonads during puberty? a) hypothalamus b) midbrain c) basal ganglia d) hippocampus (Test 2) ANS - a) hypothalamus Hypothalamus also helps regulate temperature, sleep, emotions, sexual function, and behavior Which of the following structures has the lowest blood pressure? a) arteries b) arteriole c) venule d) vein (Test 2) ANS - d) vein VEINS carry oxygen-poor blood from the outlying pats of the body to the heart An ARTERY carries oxygen-rich blood from the heart to the peripheral parts of the body An ARTERIOLE extends from an artery to a capillary A VENULE is a tiny vein that extends from a capillary to a large vein Which of the heart chambers is the most muscular? a) left atrium b) right atrium c) left ventricle d) right ventricle (Test 2) ANS - c) left ventricle Which part of the brain interprets sensory information? a) cerebrum b) hindbrain c) cerebellum d) medulla oblongata (Test 2) ANS - a) cerebrum CEREBRUM= interprets sensory info; largest part of the brain CEREBELLUM= controls voluntary and involuntary movements MEDULLA OBLONGATA= responsible for blood flow and breathing among other things Which part of the brain controls voluntary and involuntary movements? a) cerebrum b) hindbrain c) cerebellum d) medulla oblongata (Test 2) ANS - c) cerebellum Which part of the brain is responsible for blood flow and breathing (among other things as well) a) cerebrum b) hindbrain c) cerebellum d) medulla oblongata (Test 2) ANS - d) medulla oblongata A vaccination is a way of acquiring which type of immunity? a) passive natural immunity b) active natural immunity c) active artificial immunity d) passive artificial immunity (Test 2) ANS - c) active artificial immunity "A vaccination is a way of acquiring active artificial immunity, where antigen is deliberately induced into an individual to stimulate the immune system" Which component of the nervous system is responsible for lowering the heart rate? a) central NS b) sympathetic NS c) parasympathetic NS d) distal NS (Test 2) ANS - c) parasympathetic NS Which component of the nervous system is responsible for accelerating the heart rate? a) central NS b) sympathetic NS c) parasympathetic NS d) distal NS (Test 2) ANS - b) sympathetic NS Which of the following is NOT classified as a synovial joint? a) femur and pelvis b) skull bone c) humerus and ulna d) humerus and scapula (Kaplan p203 skeletal system) ANS - b) skull bones Recall that synovial joints are MOVABLE joints Types of synovial joints are the pivot, the ball-and-socket, and the hinge A defect in which of the following parts of bone would be most likely to result in stunted growth? a) diaphysis b) epiphysis c) epiphyseal plate d) periosteum (Kaplan p205 skeletal system) ANS - c) epiphyseal plate **Epiphyseal Plate (growth plate), is the site of new bone growth** DEFNS for other options: - DIAPHYSIS: the cylindrical shaft of the long bone - EPIPHYSIS: the dilated ends of long bone - PERIOSTEUM: a fibrous sheath, surrounds and protects the bone An overactivation of which of the following bone cells could lead to osteoperosis? a) osteon b) osteoblast c) osteoclast d) osteocyte (Kaplan p207 skeletal system) ANS - c) osteoc