NR 283/NR283 Week 1 Discussion; Mrs. A, age 35, was given a Pap: Fall 2021 (answered)

Ms. A, age 35, was given a Pap test during a routine medical checkup. The test showed marked dysplasia of cervical cells but no sign of infection. Discussion Questions 1. Discuss the purposes and uses of diagnostic testing and how it applies in this scenario. (See Diagnostic Testing.) 2. Discuss how the following terms might apply to this, Elec scenario: prognosis, latent stage, remission, exacerbations, predisposing factors. (See The Language of Pathophysiology—terms frequently used.) 3. Compare and contrast the various types of common cellular adaptations, focusing on dysplasia and the testing for this condition. (See Terms Used for Common Cellular Adaptations.) 1. The Pap test was done, during the routine medical checkup, because a pelvic exam is usually normal in women with cervical dysplasia, so a Pap test is necessary to diagnose dysplasia 2. HPV is the primary cause of cervical dysplasia. Cervical dysplasia usually shows no symptoms. The prognosis is typically good for women with cervical dysplasia who receive appropriate treatment and follow-up care. Women who go undiagnosed or who don't receive proper follow-up care are at increased risk of developing cervical cancer 3. Cells change in size shape large nuclei are usually present and rate of mitosis is increased. May result from infection or precautions changes. Mr. E, age 53, has a history of alcoholism and went to his physician because of recent anorexia, nausea, and diarrhea, as well as heart palpitations and fatigue. He has been taking his diuretic tablet, but not his vitamin and mineral supplement. An ECG and blood tests indicate hypokalemia. Discussion Questions 1. Discuss the possible factors contributing to his electrolyte imbalance and the rationale for his signs and symptoms. Mr. E is having hypokalemia due to diarrhea and lack of potassium from not taking his vitamin while taking the diuretic and decreased dietary intake. He is having heart palpitations as well due to lack of potassium and this indicates that this has been a prolonged situation and could lead to cardiac arrest. 2. What are the signs of hypokalemia, and why is it important to identify potassium imbalances quickly? The signs are Symptoms may include feeling tired, leg cramps, weakness, and constipation. Low potassium also increases the risk of an abnormal heart rhythm, which is often too slow and can cause cardiac arrest. 3. What is the role of potassium in cardiac function? Abnormal cardiac function can lead to cardiac arrest. Case study 2. Ms. R is a 65-year-old woman who spends most of her day sitting on her porch and recovering from a recent surgery involving the removal of suspected cancerous lymph glands in the inguinal area. She is now complaining that her shoes are fitting too tightly, and she has developed poorly healing sores on her legs and ankles. A closer examination also shows distention in her varicose veins. Blood tests reveal a low level of proteins in the plasma.