Pathophysiology Final Exam Practice 2022

A client receives a phone call from her gynecologist's office nurse and is informed that her Pap test results identified mild dysplasia. The best explanation for the nurse to provide would be: a. "Minor degrees of dysplasia are associated with chronic irritation or inflammation. However, we will need to do additional diagnostic studies to confirm the diagnosis." b. "You definitely have cancer." c. "Do not be concerned; this is not abnormal." d. "You need emergency treatment; please come in to the office today." - Answer- a The nurse is educating about the importance of improving the metabolic process in a client who has morbid obesity and is beginning a weight loss program with exercise. What should the nurse inform the client about the importance of improving the metabolic rate? a. Increasing metabolism improves the process by which cells engulf materials from their surroundings to improve electrolyte function. b. Increasing metabolism will allow the client to be able to eat whatever foods he wants as long as he is exercising. c. Increasing metabolism improves the secretion of intracellular substances into the extracellular spaces. d. Increasing metabolism will improve the breakdown of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins to provide energy for cell function. - Answer- d A client has been exercising his arms repeatedly. Which statement by the nurse explains the increase in the size of the arms? a. "Your cells have atrophied in response to increased oxygen." b. "Your cells have hypertrophied in response to increased workload." c. "You have increased your number of cells due to increased oxygenation." d. "You have caused the cells to clump together in response to exercise." - Answer- b What can the nurse tell family members to best explain muscle atrophy of a family member who has been in a persistent coma? a. "Cell size has increased in response to immobility." b. "Cells hypertrophy in response to disuse." c. "Cell size decreases as workload declines." d. "Cells need more oxygen the longer they are immobile." - Answer- c Which statement would a nurse tell a client to best describe apoptosis? a. "Apoptosis describes increase in number of cells." b. "Apoptosis occu