Paramedic exam 4 review Questions And Answers 2022/2023

What location anatomically does the angel of Louis present? - Answer- the sternal angle, the junction of the manubrium and sternal body and is palpable through the skin as an elevated ridge or prominence. it is the attachment site of the second rib and topographical landmark to help identify the second intercostal space. it is important because it helps you locate where to perform needle chest decompression. What is located within the mediastinum? - Answer- the heart is located within and fills most of the mediastinum. the great vessels, trachea and esophagus enter the mediastinum through the thoracic inlet. What physiologically occurs at the onset of inspiration? - Answer- the diaphragm contracts and flattens to further increase thoracic volume increases, intrathoracic pressure falls to less than atmospheric pressure. air then enters the respiratory tree and fills the lungs and aveoli. this continues until the pressure is equalized. What is significantly different regarding pediatric blunt force trauma versus adult? - Answer- cartilaginous nature of the pediatric chest often spares infants and children from rib fractures but more easily transmits trauma energy to vital organs below. adults suffer more frequent rib fractures than younger adults although the greater incidence of rib fractures may somewhat protect the underlying organs. know the weakest point of the rib cage which is more prone to fractures - Answer- ribs 4 through 8 are most commonly fractured because they are least protected by other structures and are firmly fixed at both ends ( to the spine and sternum. facts regarding pulmonary confusions - Answer- it's a bruise to the lung, 30 to 75 percent of patients with significant blunt chest trauma and are frequently associated with rib fractures. caused from pressure wave such as a bullet or explosion but deceleration injury is by far the most common. such the body hits a fixed object. What best describes the epidemiology of sternal fractures - Answer- usually associated with blunt anterior chest trauma and only result from severe impact. mortality may be as high as 25 to 45 percent mortality is usually caused by underlyinf blunt cardiac injury. may result in flail chest. characteristics of a simple pneumothorax - Answer- a simple pneumothorax also known as a closed pneumothorax occurs when lung tissue is injured and air leaks into the pleural space. caused from penetrating or blunt trauma. the intra thoracic pressure does not exceed normal expiratory pressure and there is no mediastinal shift. differ