WGU 785 Final Exam with Complete Solution

Hemophilia Pedigree - Father has hemophilia, mother does not. What is the outcome for their kids? Correct Answer-His daughters would be carriers. This is x-link recessive. Autosomal: Dominant: Correct Answer-Autosomal: males and females equally affected. Dominant: non-carrier parents polymerase chain reaction (PCR) Correct Answer-The process of copying DNA in the lab. Uses Template DNA, Nucleotides (dNTPS), DNA Polymerase, and DNA primers. 3 Steps of PCR Correct Answer-1. Denaturation: DNA is heated to 95C to separate it. 2. Annealing: reaction is cooled to 50C; primers stick to the DNA you want to copy and add DNA polymerase. 3. Elongation: reaction heated to 70C and DNA polymerase, adding nucleotides building a new DNA strand. Base Excision Repair (BER) Correct Answer-How you repair a mutation. BER is used to repair damage to a base caused by harmful molecules. You remove the base that is damaged and replace it. *BER removes a single nucleotide* DNA glycolsylase - sees damaged DNA and removes it. DNA polymerase-puts the right one back in while DNA ligase seals it. Mismatch repair (MMR) occurs during: Correct Answer-replication. DNA polymerase proofreads but sometimes a mismatch pair gets through. MMR removes a large section of the nucleotides from the new DNA and DNA polymerase tries again. (Ex: C-T instead of C-A) Mismatch Repair corrects what kind of DNA damage? Correct Answer-When a base is mismatched due to errors in replication. Such as G-T instead of G-C. DNA polymerase comes by and fixes it.