Banathy, 1996 Explanation Examples
Rigidly Rather closed Assembly- line work groups
controlled Simple structure, consisting of few elements Man machine systems
organizations with limited interaction among them.
Singleness of purpose
Clearly defined goals
Operational ways and means are prescribed
Limited degree of freedom (self-direction)
Rather mechanistic
Rigid structure and stable relationship
among system components
Deterministic More closed than open Bureaucracies
organizations Clearly assigned goals unitary Instructional systems
Limited degree of freedom in selecting National educational
methods
Complexity ranges from simple to detailed.
Less mechanistic
Purposive Somewhat open Corporations
organizations Unitary Social service agencies
React to their environment in order to Public education systems
maintain their viability
Purpose is established at the top but people
have freedom to select operational means
and methods
Detailed to dynamic complexity
Heuristic Necessarily open to changes and often New business ventures, R&D
organizations initiate changes agencies, experimental
Pluralistic educational programs
Complexity is dynamic
Internal arrangements and operations are
systemic
Purpose-seeking Ideal seeking + guided by vision of the future Corporations seeking social
organizations Open service roles
Coevolve with their environment Communities that seek to
Dynamic complexity establish comprehensive systems
Systemic behaviour of learning and human
Pluralistic constantly seek new purposes development with social, human,
and search for new niches in their and health service agencies +
environments their community and economic
development programs
Societies/nations establishing
integrated regional systems
Cutting edge R&D agencies
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Rigidly Rather closed Assembly- line work groups
controlled Simple structure, consisting of few elements Man machine systems
organizations with limited interaction among them.
Singleness of purpose
Clearly defined goals
Operational ways and means are prescribed
Limited degree of freedom (self-direction)
Rather mechanistic
Rigid structure and stable relationship
among system components
Deterministic More closed than open Bureaucracies
organizations Clearly assigned goals unitary Instructional systems
Limited degree of freedom in selecting National educational
methods
Complexity ranges from simple to detailed.
Less mechanistic
Purposive Somewhat open Corporations
organizations Unitary Social service agencies
React to their environment in order to Public education systems
maintain their viability
Purpose is established at the top but people
have freedom to select operational means
and methods
Detailed to dynamic complexity
Heuristic Necessarily open to changes and often New business ventures, R&D
organizations initiate changes agencies, experimental
Pluralistic educational programs
Complexity is dynamic
Internal arrangements and operations are
systemic
Purpose-seeking Ideal seeking + guided by vision of the future Corporations seeking social
organizations Open service roles
Coevolve with their environment Communities that seek to
Dynamic complexity establish comprehensive systems
Systemic behaviour of learning and human
Pluralistic constantly seek new purposes development with social, human,
and search for new niches in their and health service agencies +
environments their community and economic
development programs
Societies/nations establishing
integrated regional systems
Cutting edge R&D agencies
12
