MODULE SUSTAINABLE TOURISM & HOSPITALITY ASSESSMENT & DEVELOPMENT
Chapter 1
Definition, Dimensions Determinants of Tourism Impacts
Introduction
Tourism is one of the most pervasive of human activities. Traveling is now a
regular part of people‟s leisure activities.
Learning outcome
1. Define impact
2. Enumerate and discuss the various dimensions of tourism
impact 3. Enumerate and discuss determinants of tourist
impact
Definition of tourism impact
Hall and Lew (2009, p 54) define impact as “a change in a given state time as
there result to as external a stimulus. May be defined as an effect brought about
directly or indirectly by tourism policies
Some definition also:
1. Influence
2. Effect
3. Outcome
4. Result
5. Consequence
6. Aftermath
7. Upshot
8. Product
Dimension of tourism impact determinants of tourist impact
Tourism impact may be categorized in terms of their scope, the
direction of change and type of impact, and the scale, distribution and
duration of the effects.
, The scope of tourism impact may be economic, environmental, social, cultural,
or political.
Impact are seldom uni-dimensional, for instance, a focus on tourism may
make government overzealous in protecting nature at the expense of
indigenous people crafting a conflict between environment and cultural
concerns
Swidden farming, more popularly known as kaingin, requires shifting the
area of cultivation periodically after several years to allow each patch of land
to fallow. Because of the protected area restriction, farmers return to a patch
much earlier than the optimal time.
This results in the land losing its fertility, soon leading to insufficient
and low quality produce.
The type of impact may be categorized in many ways-actual (objectives)
or perceived (subjective), quantitative or qualitative, direct or indirect. Actual
(objectives)- Impact of tourism is caked up by hard data, most economic
impacts such as the increased population, number of jobs, amount of
investment and amount of tourist receipt generated by tourism are objective in
nature and are quantitatively measured.
The concept of a tourist area life cycle (TALC) was introduced by Butler (1980)
to explain the evolution of a tourist area over time. This concept is similar to the
product life cycle, which was first introduced in the marketing literature (Bass,
1969; Harrell and Taylor, 1981). The product life cycle theory suggests that a new
product or brand will start slow with negative profits, proceed to a growth stage
experiencing a rapid increase in sales and profits, move into a maturity stage
where sales level off and profits begin to decrease, and finally reach a decline
stage with decreasing sales and profits. The life cycle follows an asymptotic curve,
which resembles the letter „S‟.
file:///C:/Users/cristopher%20takano/Downloads/3030-11261-1-SM.pdf
Quantitative impacts-are impacts which can be measured and expressed in numerical
form.
Chapter 1
Definition, Dimensions Determinants of Tourism Impacts
Introduction
Tourism is one of the most pervasive of human activities. Traveling is now a
regular part of people‟s leisure activities.
Learning outcome
1. Define impact
2. Enumerate and discuss the various dimensions of tourism
impact 3. Enumerate and discuss determinants of tourist
impact
Definition of tourism impact
Hall and Lew (2009, p 54) define impact as “a change in a given state time as
there result to as external a stimulus. May be defined as an effect brought about
directly or indirectly by tourism policies
Some definition also:
1. Influence
2. Effect
3. Outcome
4. Result
5. Consequence
6. Aftermath
7. Upshot
8. Product
Dimension of tourism impact determinants of tourist impact
Tourism impact may be categorized in terms of their scope, the
direction of change and type of impact, and the scale, distribution and
duration of the effects.
, The scope of tourism impact may be economic, environmental, social, cultural,
or political.
Impact are seldom uni-dimensional, for instance, a focus on tourism may
make government overzealous in protecting nature at the expense of
indigenous people crafting a conflict between environment and cultural
concerns
Swidden farming, more popularly known as kaingin, requires shifting the
area of cultivation periodically after several years to allow each patch of land
to fallow. Because of the protected area restriction, farmers return to a patch
much earlier than the optimal time.
This results in the land losing its fertility, soon leading to insufficient
and low quality produce.
The type of impact may be categorized in many ways-actual (objectives)
or perceived (subjective), quantitative or qualitative, direct or indirect. Actual
(objectives)- Impact of tourism is caked up by hard data, most economic
impacts such as the increased population, number of jobs, amount of
investment and amount of tourist receipt generated by tourism are objective in
nature and are quantitatively measured.
The concept of a tourist area life cycle (TALC) was introduced by Butler (1980)
to explain the evolution of a tourist area over time. This concept is similar to the
product life cycle, which was first introduced in the marketing literature (Bass,
1969; Harrell and Taylor, 1981). The product life cycle theory suggests that a new
product or brand will start slow with negative profits, proceed to a growth stage
experiencing a rapid increase in sales and profits, move into a maturity stage
where sales level off and profits begin to decrease, and finally reach a decline
stage with decreasing sales and profits. The life cycle follows an asymptotic curve,
which resembles the letter „S‟.
file:///C:/Users/cristopher%20takano/Downloads/3030-11261-1-SM.pdf
Quantitative impacts-are impacts which can be measured and expressed in numerical
form.
