NR 283 FINAL EXAM REVIEW CHAMBERLAIN QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS

Osteoporosis Correct Answer Decreased Bone Mineral Density Osteoporosis Pathophysiology Correct Answer Bone remodeling leads to increased bone reabsorption leads to decreased bone formation causing thin fragile bones leading to fractures. Increased Osteoclast activity and decreased osteoblast activity. Risk factors for Osteoporosis Correct Answer 1. Postmenopausal women 2. Aging 3. Sedentary Lifestyle 4. Hyperthyroidism 5. Smoking Rheumatoid Arthritis Correct Answer Autoimmune disorder causing chronic systemic inflammation Pathophysiology Rheumatoid Arthritis Correct Answer 1. Neutrophils degrade surface layer of cartilage 2. Inflammatory cytokines breakdown cartilage & bone 3. T-Cells cause fibroblasts to turn into a thick abnormal layer of tissue 4. Inflammation is constant & spreads to ALL synovial joints Difference between Osteoarthritis & Rheumatoid Arthritis Correct Answer Osteoarthritis is a degenerative condition due to "wear and tear" cartilage breaks down causing stiff joints and pain. Rheumatoid arthritis is a systemic autoimmune disorder. Additional symptoms include fever and affect all synovial joints. Acute Pain Correct Answer Condition last < 3 months. Body's protective mechanism. Can be classified as somatic, visceral, or referred. Chronic pain Correct Answer Lasts > 6 months. Non-protective, poorly understood. Neuropathic pain Correct Answer Dysfunction of the nervous system. I.e. Fibromyalgia Pain management Correct Answer What is the treatment that increases or decreases transmission of pain signals. Neurotransmitters Correct Answer What are the chemicals that the nervous system uses to communicate with a brain.