HESI PATHOPHYSIOLOGY PRE-EXAM REVIEW SOLUTION MATERIAL.
Ex. If a patient with a WBC count of 2,000/mm, is admitted to the unit. What signs should the nurse look out for?
a. Bleeding
b. Embolism
c. MI
d. Infection
,• WBC: 5-10 k WHITE has 5 letters, then double it.
• HIV/AIDS- CD4 T Cell count goes way down (<200 = diagnosis of AIDS)
• What is a patient at risk for if WBC are too low? What could you have if WBC too high?
• RBCs are measured in millions:
• RBC: 4-6 million
• Platelets: 150-400k- what happens if too low? Too high?
• Hgb: 12-18
• Hct: 40-50%- what happens if too high? Why would it be too low?
• Glucose 70-110- where will this # be in DKA+HHNKS (high or low)?
– DKA – 240; HHNKS - 600
• What hormones cause this to go up and down?
• Na: 135-145
• Potassium: 3.5-5 mEq/L (know this value and causes/manifestations of hypo/hyperkalemia- both S/S wise and on the
EKG)
–
HYPERkalemia: peaked T Wave
–
HYPOkalemia: U wave
• Ca: 8.5-10.
• Know how fluid overload or dehydration could cause electrolyte imbalances.
,[Type here]
HESI PRE-EXAM REVIEW SOLUTION.
Labs continued…
• Albumin and Potassium ranges are same: 3.5 -5
• AST and ALT- indicate liver function.
,[Type here]
HESI PRE-EXAM REVIEW SOLUTION.
• aPTT is relevant to what drug? Heparin, think of TT looks like an H.
• PT/INR with warfarin
• Creatinine: 0.6-1.2- measures kidney function (too high=kidney dysfunction)
• Creatinine clearance- kidneys, again!
• BUN: 10-20- measures kidney function (too high=kidney dysfunction)
• Urine Specific Gravity: 1.010-1.025. What could high specific gravity indicate? Low?
Ex. If a patient with a WBC count of 2,000/mm, is admitted to the unit. What signs should the nurse look out for?
a. Bleeding
b. Embolism
c. MI
d. Infection
,• WBC: 5-10 k WHITE has 5 letters, then double it.
• HIV/AIDS- CD4 T Cell count goes way down (<200 = diagnosis of AIDS)
• What is a patient at risk for if WBC are too low? What could you have if WBC too high?
• RBCs are measured in millions:
• RBC: 4-6 million
• Platelets: 150-400k- what happens if too low? Too high?
• Hgb: 12-18
• Hct: 40-50%- what happens if too high? Why would it be too low?
• Glucose 70-110- where will this # be in DKA+HHNKS (high or low)?
– DKA – 240; HHNKS - 600
• What hormones cause this to go up and down?
• Na: 135-145
• Potassium: 3.5-5 mEq/L (know this value and causes/manifestations of hypo/hyperkalemia- both S/S wise and on the
EKG)
–
HYPERkalemia: peaked T Wave
–
HYPOkalemia: U wave
• Ca: 8.5-10.
• Know how fluid overload or dehydration could cause electrolyte imbalances.
,[Type here]
HESI PRE-EXAM REVIEW SOLUTION.
Labs continued…
• Albumin and Potassium ranges are same: 3.5 -5
• AST and ALT- indicate liver function.
,[Type here]
HESI PRE-EXAM REVIEW SOLUTION.
• aPTT is relevant to what drug? Heparin, think of TT looks like an H.
• PT/INR with warfarin
• Creatinine: 0.6-1.2- measures kidney function (too high=kidney dysfunction)
• Creatinine clearance- kidneys, again!
• BUN: 10-20- measures kidney function (too high=kidney dysfunction)
• Urine Specific Gravity: 1.010-1.025. What could high specific gravity indicate? Low?
