PSY240 FINAL EXAM STUDY GUIDE ANSWERS

PSY240 FINAL EXAM STUDY GUIDE ANSWERS CH11- SUBSTANCE AND IMPULSE DISORDERS 1. Understand the meaning, differences, and relationship among: substance intoxication, use, tolerance, and withdrawal. Substance use disorders- continued substance use despite significant problems related to the substance. • Brain circuit changes lasting beyond detoxification may lead to intense cravings and repeated relapses also with impaired control, social impairment, risky use, and tolerance or withdrawal Substance Induced Disorders: • Intoxication- Reversible substance specific syndrome of problematic psycho- behavioral change shortly after use • Substance/medication-induced mental disorder- apparent mental health disorder due to CNS syndrome resulting from medications, substance abuse, or toxins o Ex) if someone develops depression from their alcohol use, you would say they have “substance induced depression from alcohol” • Withdrawal- specific behavioral, cognitive, physiological changes after ending heavy use causing significant distress or impairment • Tolerance- requiring increasingly greater amounts of the drug to experience the same effect 2. Understand negative reinforcement and drug use. How do drugs not only provide pleasurable experiences (positive reinforcement) but also help remove unpleasant experiences such as pain, feelings of illness, or anxiety (negative reinforcement)?  still debated by scientists a. Aspirin is a negative reinforcer (taken not because it feels good, but because it stops us from feeling bad) With several drugs, negative reinforcement is related to the anxiolytic effect (the ability to reduce anxiety) b. Ex) alcohol c. These drugs reduce anxiety by increasing GABA activity in the septal- hippocampus system 3. What effects (ex. depression of inhibitory centers in the brain) and neurotransmitters are involved with alcohol? Alcohol: • CNS depressant o First depresses inhibitory centers