NLN PAX science practice questions(Study guide complete and graded A+)

A method for determining the blood alcohol content of a subject is to use a Breathalyzer A person blows his breath into a straw that is placed in limewater. The limewater becomes cloudy because the person's breath contains carbon dioxide A person who was in an auto accident has formed a blood clot at the site of the injury. One event that can lead to formation of a blood clot is that ruptured platelets release thromboplastin *A student focuses sunlight to a point with a thin converging (convex) lens. Which of these direct measurements can the student make as a result of this experiment? the approximate focal length of the lens Guard cells which can be found in the leaves of plants are most closely associated with which of these processes? Evaporation of water from the plant Human testes produce spermatozoa If the medulla of the brain in a human was damaged, which of these conditions would most likely result? Difficulty in breathing In diagnostic testing, the electroencephalogram permits the physician to examine the impulses of the nerve cells within the brain In ecological succession, the first living thing to colonize a hitherto barren area is called a pioneer organism To sterilize a metal probe in the office, a dentist could use a steam sterilizer. If unavailable, the next most effective method to sterilize the instrument would be boiling it in water for 15 minutes. Iodized salt is used to prevent a human condition known as goiter The organ that filters metabolic waste from the blood is the kidney Unicellular organisms that have a nucleus and can swim with the aid of cilia are examples of protozoans Which of these conditions is associated with smoking? emphysema Which of these hydrocarbons is a member of the benzene family? toluene Which of these organisms use nitrogen directly from the air? Blue-green algae Which of these pairs of units measures the same quantity? Calorie and joule Which of these processes is responsible for the recorded production of CO2 by yeast cells from sugar solution? Anaerobic respiration Which of these quantities is most closely associated with an object's inertia? Mass Which of these sequences of anatomic organization, from the simplest level to the most complex, is the correct sequence? From tissue, organ, organ system to organism Which of these substances contains a nonpolar covalent bond? O2 Which part of the cell structure controls the passage of materials into and out of the cell? Plasma membrane While working in the chemistry laboratory, a student spills dilute hydrochloric acid on her hand. What is the first action this student should take? Flush her hand with large quantities of water Within a living cell, the oxygen (O2) from a mixture of O2 and carbon dioxide (CO2) is used up. This creates a concentration gradient across the cell membrane, drawing O2 across the membrane from the outside in, a process known as Diffusion You cut your finger rather deeply while slicing an apple. Which of these actions should you take first? Wash the wound continuously with cold running water 30 students in a class carefully measure the length and width of 20 peanut shells. They also count the number and note the size of the peanuts inside. This information is recorded on various graphs showing the numbers of nuts and the different sizes. The collected evidence of the peanuts gives the students an idea of the extent of variation within a species A tincture is a solution in which alcohol is the solvent. A magician rapidly pulls a tablecloth from a table, leaving the dishes undisturbed. Which of these principles of physics explains this "trick"? Objects at rest tend to remain at rest. *A material that settles out of a reaction is termed a(n) precipitate A quantity that has both magnitude and direction is called a(n) vector A recently discovered species has these characteristics: amniotic eggs, a four-chambered heart, and lightweight, honeycombed bones. Which of these ADDITIONAL characteristics is likely to be present? Feathers for flying. All the glucose filtered from the blood in the glomerulus into the Bowman's capsule of the kidney nephron is returned to the tissue fluid while passing along the proximal tubule. This rapid return is effected by the process of active transport Amnesia in humans is the loss of memory. Which of these parts of the brain has been affected when someone is suffering from amnesia caused by head trauma? Cerebral cortex. An example of an adaptation to prevent water loss in plants is waxy epidermis. An example of the most complex level of organization in a frog is the respiratory system. Ductless glands in the human body secrete hormones. Enzymes that are involved in biochemical reactions are organic catalysts. If the night temperature drops 50 degrees, the roadrunner's internal energy-conservation permits a lowering of body temperature to 94°F In a study on the effect of cocaine on the brains of rats, two groups of animals were selected. Each day, Group A was injected with the drug dissolved in water, whereas Group B was injected with water alone. In such a study Group B is included as a control group. *In corn plants, the gene that codes for the presence of chlorophyll is sometimes missing. The resulting seedlings are albino and will not survive. This lethal gene appears in corn populations because the parent plants that produced the seeds carried the recessive gene for the albino trait Reducing the use of aeresol cans has contributed to the decrease of the destruction of the ozone layer Substance Y is soluble only in nonpolar solvents and does not conduct electricity, either in the solid or liquid phases. Y is most probably a nonpolar substance. *Sugar molecules enter a cell against a concentration gradient by the process of active transport The light sensitive cells of the eye are called rods and cones. Which of these layers of the eye are they found in? Retina. The Pap test can detect cancer in the female reproductive tract at an early stage, requiring cells scraped from the cervix. The physics principle that is primarily used in developing a rollercoaster ride is centripetal force. When a drop of dilute nitric acid is added to water surrounding a hydra, the animal draws in its tentacles. The acid is acting as a stimulus Which of these is the correct sequence of chambers through which blood flows in the human heart and lungs? Right atrium; right ventricle; lungs; left atrium; left ventricle. Which of these processes is illustrated by the spreading out of ammonia vapor in a closed room? Diffusion. Which of these processes occurs at a neuromuscular junction? Impulse transmission.