Chapter 46
The family members of a dying client have asked for the hospital chaplain's help in having a member of the clergy come to the client's bedside to perform the
anointing of the sick. The nurse who is providing care for the client should recognize that the family is likely which religion?
Jewish Roman Catholic Christian Scientist Jehovah's Witnesses
Roman Catholic
A nurse is assisting a terminally ill female client with bathing. The client tells the nurse that she has great respect and faith in a particular spiritual leader. The
nurse interprets this information as fulfilling which need for the client?
sense of security for present and future power to perform miracles financial strength and support living a longer
life sense of security for present and future
The nurse is caring for a client with a nursing diagnosis of Spiritual Distress. Which assessment finding would support this nursing diagnosis?
views illness as punishment is nonjudgemental of others offers to forgive others accepts help from others
views illness as punishment
A nursing instructor, after teaching about the importance of spirituality, identifies a need for further teaching when overhearing a student make which of the
following statements?
"You can help clients meet spiritual needs by assisting in their struggle to find meaning in suffering." "Nurses can better assist clients by meeting their spiritual
needs." "Nurses can meet spiritual needs by offering a compassionate presence." "You can nurse clients well even though you ignore the spiritual dimension
of health."
"You can nurse clients well even though you ignore the spiritual dimension of health."
A nurse overhears a client telling a family member that a belief in God is the only thing helping in the fight against a terminal illness. What is this client
demonstrating?
Religion Faith Love Hope
Faith
The nurse working on a hospice unit is giving an in-service on the importance of faith and religion in client care. What does the nurse tell the group is a benefit of
religious fellowship?
It allows for further isolation. It puts a good label on the client. It distracts the client. It offers support for the
client. It offers support for the client.
A new client is on the hospital unit. He was recently diagnosed with metastatic pancreatic cancer and was told that any treatment would be palliative. He tells a
nurse that there is no God that he knows of who would subject someone to this. The client's statement is most reflective of:
change in beliefs. separation from spiritual ties. spiritual crisis. depression.
spiritual crisis.
After being informed that his wife only has a few hours to live, the nurse hears the husband say; "If you take my wife now. I will never pray to you!" What should
be the nurse's reply?
Use silence and allow the husband to express his emotions. Leave the room and do not be part of this situation. Call the pastor into the room to speak with the
husband. Tell the husband to think before saying anything negative.
Use silence and allow the husband to express his emotions.
The nurse receives a "do not resuscitate" (DNR) order for a dying client. What should the nurse do next?
Inform the client that a priest will be in to see her very soon. Inform the family that this order does not keep the nurse from doing her job. Avoid talking about
suicide and its effects. Assess the client's spiritual needs
Assess the client's spiritual needs
The nurse is caring for Mr. Z., a 55-year-old man admitted to the hospital for liver failure. He is an active member in the Latter-Day Saints (Mormon) church. Mr. Z.
tells the nurse that he strictly adheres to the religious practices that are condoned by the church. However, the nurse overhears two of his physicians discussing
that Mr. Z.'s liver failure is likely due to chronic alcohol use. The nurse suspects that they are wrong. Which of the following is an appropriate nursing activity?
Accuse Mr. Z. of lying and find out why he lied. Engage Mr. Z. in a discussion about past and present religious practices. Know that the physicians are wrong; the
Mormon faith does not permit alcohol use. Order several laboratory tests looking for genetic defects that affect the liver.
,Chapter 46
Engage Mr. Z. in a discussion about past and present religious practices.
The parents of three children ages 4, 7, and 11 years are interested in fostering spiritual development in their children. The nurse informs the parents that the
development of a child's spirituality is best accomplished by:
educating the child about God. educating through parental behaviors. educating through religious-based schools. educating the child about religion.
educating through parental behaviors.
While interviewing a hospitalized client, he states, "The holy days of Ramadan are coming soon. I am not to have any food or drink from sunrise to sunset during this
time." Further assessment reveals that the client's request is associated with which religion?
Islam Hinduism Judaism Christianity
Islam
00:0301:22
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Which set of terms best reflects nursing's view of clients as holistic beings?
id, ego, superego mind, body, spirit spiritual, egocentric, naive physical, psychosocial, religious
mind, body, spirit
While studying religion and spirituality, the nursing student exhibits an understanding of the concepts when making which of the following statements?
Spirituality is the behavioral manifestation of religious beliefs. Religion and spirituality are synonymous. Religion is a collection of spiritual beliefs and practices.
Spirituality is a recently developed alternative to traditional religious belief.
c. Religion is a collection of spiritual beliefs and practices.
Rationale:
Spirituality may or may not inlace religion, which is a codified system of spiritual beliefs. The two terms are not interchangeable, and spirituality is not solely
concerned with outward behavior. Spirituality is not necessarily an "alternative" to religion; nor is it a recent development.
An older adult client who is very sick but very spiritual and has a deep faith asks the nurse to say a prayer for her. The nurse, who is not very comfortable praying
out loud, wants to honor the client's request. What would be the best action by the nurse?
Tell the client that they are not comfortable praying out loud Inform the client that they will try to get another nurse to pray with the client Tell the client the nurse is
busy at the moment and hope the client will forget Read a passage from the Bible to the client
Read a passage from the Bible to the client
According to Shelly and Fish, which of the following is a spiritual need underlying all religious traditions?
need for justice need for power in relationship with God need for formal ceremony need for meaning and purpose
need for meaning and purpose
When assessing a child's spiritual dimension, a nurse should be aware of which basic tenet?
Children view God as a person with divine powers. Children attribute to God tremendous and expansive power. Children do not experience spiritual distress.
Children do not have a definite perception of God.
Children attribute to God tremendous and expansive power.
When asked about his religious preference, the client becomes very upset with the nurse. Which response is appropriate for this situation?
"I can see that this question upsets you. Do you have any questions about this?" "There is nothing to be upset about. This is part of my assessment." "I can see
that this upsets you. Let me come back later when you are feeling better." "You need to understand that I am just doing my job here."
"I can see that this question upsets you. Do you have any questions about this?"
Allen is an 82-year-old retiree who recently relocated to senior apartments. The apartments are not affiliated with any religious beliefs. Allen was raised in the
Roman Catholic church and has attended mass every Sunday since childhood. He has not attended mass for 3 weeks. What best describes Allen's situation?
Separation from spiritual ties Spiritual crisis Depression Change in beliefs
,Chapter 46
Separation from spiritual ties
It is a religious holy day. The hospitalized client is withdrawn, occasionally tearful, and requests a minister to see him. Family is at the bedside. What action would the
nurse take to address the client's spiritual distress on this day?
Encourage the family to talk to the client. Ask the client, "Can we pray together?" Provide religious material for the client to read. Contact the chaplain to request
to see the client today.
Contact the chaplain to request to see the client today.
A nurse who provides care on the palliative unit of a hospital is aware of the importance of spiritual assessment and the integration of spirituality into clients'
care. What assessment question should the nurse use in an effort to determine clients' spiritual beliefs?
"Do you hold a belief in the afterlife?" "Are there any spiritual or religious beliefs or practices that are important to you?" "What church do you normally attend?"
"If you had to identify yourself as either a religious person or a spiritual person, which would you choose?"
"Are there any spiritual or religious beliefs or practices that are important to you?"
Which client statement most clearly suggests the potential of a nursing diagnosis of Spiritual Anxiety?
"I've never been a religious man, and all these Catholic crosses and pictures in the hospital make me a bit uncomfortable." "I always tried to do the right thing, so
I don't understand why I have to suffer so much now." "Now that I'm nearing the end, I'm worried that God won't think I lived a good enough life." "I guess I
should have taken a lot more time to go to church when I was younger."
C: "now that I'm nearing the end, I'm worried that God wont think I lived a good enough life"
rationale
worry about one spiritual condition it indicative of the nursing diagnosis of spiritual anxiety. Unfamiliarity with the religious character of a care setting suggests
spiritual alienation, while questions of suffering often indicate spiritual pain or spiritual despair. Regrets over previous religious or spiritual apathy may suggest a
nursing diagnosis of spiritual guilt.
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The son of a dying female client is surprised at his mother's adamant request to meet with the hospital chaplain and has taken the nurse aside and said, "I don't
think that's what she really wants. She's never been a religious person in the least." What is the nurse's best action in this situation?
Contact the chaplain to arrange a visit with the client. Document the client's request and wait to see if the client reiterates the request. Perform a detailed
spiritual assessment of the client. Organize a meeting between the chaplain, the son, and the client to achieve a resolution.
Contact the chaplain to arrange a visit with the client.
Mrs. Dopson is a 75-year-old widow who lost her last offspring to cancer last month. She shares with the nurse that she fears being alone. The nurse knows that
this is related to which of the following spiritual needs believed to be common to all people?
Need for love and relatedness Need for forgiveness Need for meaning and purpose Need basic necessities of life
Need for love and relatedness
The nurse is caring for a Roman catholic client who is dying. What would be an appropriate action for the nurse?
After death, place the client's body on the floor to facilitate the soul's journey. Contact a local priest to complete the anointing of the sick ritual. Ensure that a
person of the same sex as the deceased clean the body. Contact a local priest to provide special care to the body after death.
Contact a local priest to complete the anointing of the sick ritual.
While interviewing a client, a nurse is told that the client practices Catholicism. This client is identifying:
his culture. his faith. his spirituality. his values.
his faith.
The nurse is differentiating beliefs of atheists from agnostics. Which statement is accurate?
Both deny the existence of God. Nurses offer religious counseling to change the beliefs of both groups. Both are guided by a philosophy of living that does not
include a religious faith. Both have religious influences that are life denying.
Both are guided by a philosophy of living that does not include a religious faith.
When conducting a spiritual assessment, the nurse must be sensitive to the client's personal beliefs. Which questions should the nurse ask? Select all that apply.
, Chapter 46
"Why do you still not believe in God?" "Is there anyone from your church you would like to talk to?" "Why can't you share your feelings with me? I am your
nurse." "Is religion or God significant to you?" "Do you feel your faith is helpful to you?"
...
A new nurse observes a priest visiting the clients every Saturday afternoon and praying with them. This activity supports which of the nursing outcomes?
The client uses a type of spiritual experience that provides comfort. The client expresses hope and sense of meaning. The client will experience alternate venues
of spiritual expression. The client expresses satisfaction with life.
The client uses a type of spiritual experience that provides comfort.
Mr. J. is a 78-year-old man, who is actively dying of unknown causes. Mr. J. is a practicing Muslim. His wife, children, and grandchildren are present. The physician
in charge of Mr. J.'s care plans to discuss Mr. J.'s impending death with the family. Based on the nurse's knowledge of the Muslim faith, which of the following is
not true?
The family will want to read from the Koran at the time of death. The body is washed and cared for by the family. Organ donation is generally not permitted. The
family will likely want an autopsy.
The family will likely want an autopsy.
When the client tells the nurse that she believes God's reality is personal, and that God is the creator of all beings, the nurse determines the client is expressing:
deism. agnosticism. atheism. theism.
theism.
An older adult client's spiritual development is focused on integrating and resolving many of the apparently contradictory extremes in the human experience.
What behaviors is this client exhibiting?
conjunctive faith. moral dilemma. value clarification. unethical behavior.
conjunctive faith.
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The nurse enters a client's room as the client and family are praying. Which is the most appropriate action of the nurse?
Stand quietly by the inside the room until the prayer is finished. Step outside the door until the prayer is finished. Walk up to the client's bedside and stand
quietly. Walk up to the client's bedside and join in the prayer.
Step outside the door until the prayer is finished.
Which question would be appropriate for the F in the FICA spiritual assessment tool?
"Do you consider yourself a spiritual person?" "How would you like me to address this issue in your health care?" "Do you use your church family for support?
"Are you actively involved with a church community?
"Do you consider yourself a spiritual person?"
The nurse is caring for a dying male client who practices Islam. What is the most appropriate action for the nurse after the client's death?
Place the body on the floor to facilitate the soul's journey. Ensure that no one is in the room when the client dies. Ensure that a male washes the client's body.
Ensure that someone performs the anointing of the sick sacrament prior to the client's death.
Ensure that a male washes the client's body.
The nurse is caring for a client who states, "No one can understand God." The nurse would document the client's spiritual belief as:
theist. agnostic. holistic. atheist.
agnostic.
A nurse is educating staff members about the importance of meeting the spiritual needs of clients on the unit. What spiritual needs should be met in the delivery of
care? Select all that apply.
need for meaning and purpose need for comfort and money need for complete health and freedom need for love and relatedness need for forgiveness
need for meaning and purpose
need for love and
relatedness need for
forgiveness
The family members of a dying client have asked for the hospital chaplain's help in having a member of the clergy come to the client's bedside to perform the
anointing of the sick. The nurse who is providing care for the client should recognize that the family is likely which religion?
Jewish Roman Catholic Christian Scientist Jehovah's Witnesses
Roman Catholic
A nurse is assisting a terminally ill female client with bathing. The client tells the nurse that she has great respect and faith in a particular spiritual leader. The
nurse interprets this information as fulfilling which need for the client?
sense of security for present and future power to perform miracles financial strength and support living a longer
life sense of security for present and future
The nurse is caring for a client with a nursing diagnosis of Spiritual Distress. Which assessment finding would support this nursing diagnosis?
views illness as punishment is nonjudgemental of others offers to forgive others accepts help from others
views illness as punishment
A nursing instructor, after teaching about the importance of spirituality, identifies a need for further teaching when overhearing a student make which of the
following statements?
"You can help clients meet spiritual needs by assisting in their struggle to find meaning in suffering." "Nurses can better assist clients by meeting their spiritual
needs." "Nurses can meet spiritual needs by offering a compassionate presence." "You can nurse clients well even though you ignore the spiritual dimension
of health."
"You can nurse clients well even though you ignore the spiritual dimension of health."
A nurse overhears a client telling a family member that a belief in God is the only thing helping in the fight against a terminal illness. What is this client
demonstrating?
Religion Faith Love Hope
Faith
The nurse working on a hospice unit is giving an in-service on the importance of faith and religion in client care. What does the nurse tell the group is a benefit of
religious fellowship?
It allows for further isolation. It puts a good label on the client. It distracts the client. It offers support for the
client. It offers support for the client.
A new client is on the hospital unit. He was recently diagnosed with metastatic pancreatic cancer and was told that any treatment would be palliative. He tells a
nurse that there is no God that he knows of who would subject someone to this. The client's statement is most reflective of:
change in beliefs. separation from spiritual ties. spiritual crisis. depression.
spiritual crisis.
After being informed that his wife only has a few hours to live, the nurse hears the husband say; "If you take my wife now. I will never pray to you!" What should
be the nurse's reply?
Use silence and allow the husband to express his emotions. Leave the room and do not be part of this situation. Call the pastor into the room to speak with the
husband. Tell the husband to think before saying anything negative.
Use silence and allow the husband to express his emotions.
The nurse receives a "do not resuscitate" (DNR) order for a dying client. What should the nurse do next?
Inform the client that a priest will be in to see her very soon. Inform the family that this order does not keep the nurse from doing her job. Avoid talking about
suicide and its effects. Assess the client's spiritual needs
Assess the client's spiritual needs
The nurse is caring for Mr. Z., a 55-year-old man admitted to the hospital for liver failure. He is an active member in the Latter-Day Saints (Mormon) church. Mr. Z.
tells the nurse that he strictly adheres to the religious practices that are condoned by the church. However, the nurse overhears two of his physicians discussing
that Mr. Z.'s liver failure is likely due to chronic alcohol use. The nurse suspects that they are wrong. Which of the following is an appropriate nursing activity?
Accuse Mr. Z. of lying and find out why he lied. Engage Mr. Z. in a discussion about past and present religious practices. Know that the physicians are wrong; the
Mormon faith does not permit alcohol use. Order several laboratory tests looking for genetic defects that affect the liver.
,Chapter 46
Engage Mr. Z. in a discussion about past and present religious practices.
The parents of three children ages 4, 7, and 11 years are interested in fostering spiritual development in their children. The nurse informs the parents that the
development of a child's spirituality is best accomplished by:
educating the child about God. educating through parental behaviors. educating through religious-based schools. educating the child about religion.
educating through parental behaviors.
While interviewing a hospitalized client, he states, "The holy days of Ramadan are coming soon. I am not to have any food or drink from sunrise to sunset during this
time." Further assessment reveals that the client's request is associated with which religion?
Islam Hinduism Judaism Christianity
Islam
00:0301:22
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Only $35.99/year
Which set of terms best reflects nursing's view of clients as holistic beings?
id, ego, superego mind, body, spirit spiritual, egocentric, naive physical, psychosocial, religious
mind, body, spirit
While studying religion and spirituality, the nursing student exhibits an understanding of the concepts when making which of the following statements?
Spirituality is the behavioral manifestation of religious beliefs. Religion and spirituality are synonymous. Religion is a collection of spiritual beliefs and practices.
Spirituality is a recently developed alternative to traditional religious belief.
c. Religion is a collection of spiritual beliefs and practices.
Rationale:
Spirituality may or may not inlace religion, which is a codified system of spiritual beliefs. The two terms are not interchangeable, and spirituality is not solely
concerned with outward behavior. Spirituality is not necessarily an "alternative" to religion; nor is it a recent development.
An older adult client who is very sick but very spiritual and has a deep faith asks the nurse to say a prayer for her. The nurse, who is not very comfortable praying
out loud, wants to honor the client's request. What would be the best action by the nurse?
Tell the client that they are not comfortable praying out loud Inform the client that they will try to get another nurse to pray with the client Tell the client the nurse is
busy at the moment and hope the client will forget Read a passage from the Bible to the client
Read a passage from the Bible to the client
According to Shelly and Fish, which of the following is a spiritual need underlying all religious traditions?
need for justice need for power in relationship with God need for formal ceremony need for meaning and purpose
need for meaning and purpose
When assessing a child's spiritual dimension, a nurse should be aware of which basic tenet?
Children view God as a person with divine powers. Children attribute to God tremendous and expansive power. Children do not experience spiritual distress.
Children do not have a definite perception of God.
Children attribute to God tremendous and expansive power.
When asked about his religious preference, the client becomes very upset with the nurse. Which response is appropriate for this situation?
"I can see that this question upsets you. Do you have any questions about this?" "There is nothing to be upset about. This is part of my assessment." "I can see
that this upsets you. Let me come back later when you are feeling better." "You need to understand that I am just doing my job here."
"I can see that this question upsets you. Do you have any questions about this?"
Allen is an 82-year-old retiree who recently relocated to senior apartments. The apartments are not affiliated with any religious beliefs. Allen was raised in the
Roman Catholic church and has attended mass every Sunday since childhood. He has not attended mass for 3 weeks. What best describes Allen's situation?
Separation from spiritual ties Spiritual crisis Depression Change in beliefs
,Chapter 46
Separation from spiritual ties
It is a religious holy day. The hospitalized client is withdrawn, occasionally tearful, and requests a minister to see him. Family is at the bedside. What action would the
nurse take to address the client's spiritual distress on this day?
Encourage the family to talk to the client. Ask the client, "Can we pray together?" Provide religious material for the client to read. Contact the chaplain to request
to see the client today.
Contact the chaplain to request to see the client today.
A nurse who provides care on the palliative unit of a hospital is aware of the importance of spiritual assessment and the integration of spirituality into clients'
care. What assessment question should the nurse use in an effort to determine clients' spiritual beliefs?
"Do you hold a belief in the afterlife?" "Are there any spiritual or religious beliefs or practices that are important to you?" "What church do you normally attend?"
"If you had to identify yourself as either a religious person or a spiritual person, which would you choose?"
"Are there any spiritual or religious beliefs or practices that are important to you?"
Which client statement most clearly suggests the potential of a nursing diagnosis of Spiritual Anxiety?
"I've never been a religious man, and all these Catholic crosses and pictures in the hospital make me a bit uncomfortable." "I always tried to do the right thing, so
I don't understand why I have to suffer so much now." "Now that I'm nearing the end, I'm worried that God won't think I lived a good enough life." "I guess I
should have taken a lot more time to go to church when I was younger."
C: "now that I'm nearing the end, I'm worried that God wont think I lived a good enough life"
rationale
worry about one spiritual condition it indicative of the nursing diagnosis of spiritual anxiety. Unfamiliarity with the religious character of a care setting suggests
spiritual alienation, while questions of suffering often indicate spiritual pain or spiritual despair. Regrets over previous religious or spiritual apathy may suggest a
nursing diagnosis of spiritual guilt.
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Only $35.99/year
The son of a dying female client is surprised at his mother's adamant request to meet with the hospital chaplain and has taken the nurse aside and said, "I don't
think that's what she really wants. She's never been a religious person in the least." What is the nurse's best action in this situation?
Contact the chaplain to arrange a visit with the client. Document the client's request and wait to see if the client reiterates the request. Perform a detailed
spiritual assessment of the client. Organize a meeting between the chaplain, the son, and the client to achieve a resolution.
Contact the chaplain to arrange a visit with the client.
Mrs. Dopson is a 75-year-old widow who lost her last offspring to cancer last month. She shares with the nurse that she fears being alone. The nurse knows that
this is related to which of the following spiritual needs believed to be common to all people?
Need for love and relatedness Need for forgiveness Need for meaning and purpose Need basic necessities of life
Need for love and relatedness
The nurse is caring for a Roman catholic client who is dying. What would be an appropriate action for the nurse?
After death, place the client's body on the floor to facilitate the soul's journey. Contact a local priest to complete the anointing of the sick ritual. Ensure that a
person of the same sex as the deceased clean the body. Contact a local priest to provide special care to the body after death.
Contact a local priest to complete the anointing of the sick ritual.
While interviewing a client, a nurse is told that the client practices Catholicism. This client is identifying:
his culture. his faith. his spirituality. his values.
his faith.
The nurse is differentiating beliefs of atheists from agnostics. Which statement is accurate?
Both deny the existence of God. Nurses offer religious counseling to change the beliefs of both groups. Both are guided by a philosophy of living that does not
include a religious faith. Both have religious influences that are life denying.
Both are guided by a philosophy of living that does not include a religious faith.
When conducting a spiritual assessment, the nurse must be sensitive to the client's personal beliefs. Which questions should the nurse ask? Select all that apply.
, Chapter 46
"Why do you still not believe in God?" "Is there anyone from your church you would like to talk to?" "Why can't you share your feelings with me? I am your
nurse." "Is religion or God significant to you?" "Do you feel your faith is helpful to you?"
...
A new nurse observes a priest visiting the clients every Saturday afternoon and praying with them. This activity supports which of the nursing outcomes?
The client uses a type of spiritual experience that provides comfort. The client expresses hope and sense of meaning. The client will experience alternate venues
of spiritual expression. The client expresses satisfaction with life.
The client uses a type of spiritual experience that provides comfort.
Mr. J. is a 78-year-old man, who is actively dying of unknown causes. Mr. J. is a practicing Muslim. His wife, children, and grandchildren are present. The physician
in charge of Mr. J.'s care plans to discuss Mr. J.'s impending death with the family. Based on the nurse's knowledge of the Muslim faith, which of the following is
not true?
The family will want to read from the Koran at the time of death. The body is washed and cared for by the family. Organ donation is generally not permitted. The
family will likely want an autopsy.
The family will likely want an autopsy.
When the client tells the nurse that she believes God's reality is personal, and that God is the creator of all beings, the nurse determines the client is expressing:
deism. agnosticism. atheism. theism.
theism.
An older adult client's spiritual development is focused on integrating and resolving many of the apparently contradictory extremes in the human experience.
What behaviors is this client exhibiting?
conjunctive faith. moral dilemma. value clarification. unethical behavior.
conjunctive faith.
Upgrade to remove ads
Only $35.99/year
The nurse enters a client's room as the client and family are praying. Which is the most appropriate action of the nurse?
Stand quietly by the inside the room until the prayer is finished. Step outside the door until the prayer is finished. Walk up to the client's bedside and stand
quietly. Walk up to the client's bedside and join in the prayer.
Step outside the door until the prayer is finished.
Which question would be appropriate for the F in the FICA spiritual assessment tool?
"Do you consider yourself a spiritual person?" "How would you like me to address this issue in your health care?" "Do you use your church family for support?
"Are you actively involved with a church community?
"Do you consider yourself a spiritual person?"
The nurse is caring for a dying male client who practices Islam. What is the most appropriate action for the nurse after the client's death?
Place the body on the floor to facilitate the soul's journey. Ensure that no one is in the room when the client dies. Ensure that a male washes the client's body.
Ensure that someone performs the anointing of the sick sacrament prior to the client's death.
Ensure that a male washes the client's body.
The nurse is caring for a client who states, "No one can understand God." The nurse would document the client's spiritual belief as:
theist. agnostic. holistic. atheist.
agnostic.
A nurse is educating staff members about the importance of meeting the spiritual needs of clients on the unit. What spiritual needs should be met in the delivery of
care? Select all that apply.
need for meaning and purpose need for comfort and money need for complete health and freedom need for love and relatedness need for forgiveness
need for meaning and purpose
need for love and
relatedness need for
forgiveness
