C468 IT Study Guide -Comprehensive-2022/2023

C468 IT Study Guide -Comprehensive-2022/2023 Information Management and the Application of Technology Notes Information Management -The graduate analyzes the role of info management in the delivery of timely, high-quality, patient- centered care- Informatics and Information Science - IT Information Science --- Informatics- Information systems ● Information Science are the roots to the tree of Informatics – with Information systems and Information Technologies as branches. ● Information Systems vs. Information Science ● Information Science: Primarily focused on input, processing, output, and feedback through technology integration. ■ Incorporates features from communication science, computer science, social science, library science, and cognitive science. ■ Applies technology to make information usable. ■ Supports the collection and management of info. ■ This is the focus on how to gather, process and transform information into knowledge. It also incorporates features from these five other sciences: communication science, computer science, social science, library science, and cognitive science. ● Information Systems: Computer systems that use hardware and software to process data into information in order to solve a problem. ○ Using the EHR to document care of a patient with a femur fx is an example of using the EHR in which way? — Information System ○ Information systems are used to collect, create, and distribute useful data. ○ The development, use, and management of an organization's I.T. infrastructure. ○ An umbrella term for sub-categories such as: clinical information systems, core business systems, case management system, and communication systems. ● Life cycle of Information Systems (Know what happens in each phase) ○ Needs Assessment Phase: ■ *determine needs and wants in an information system*, gap analysis ■ Investigating current deficits and needs of the organization IS NOT a role in they system implementation phase. It is a role in the Needs Assessment phase. ○ System Selection Phase: The organization seeks out a vendor company that provides a system that best fits the needs. There are three documents that are used: ■ 1) Request for information document: (RFI) Initial contact with the vendor. Get essential information about the *company’s history* (How many other organizations have used them?) ■ 2) Request for Proposal document: (RFP) Organization prioritizes or rates their needs and wants. Sends the outline to the vendor and asks if they can meet this need. ■ 3)Request for Quote document: (RFQ) Pricing, finances, and contract terms. ■ It’s not important that selection committee board members understand software and electronic processes. *They aren’t the end users who need to be trained* in the system. They just have to have a general understanding of it. ○ System Implementation Phase: ■ Go live planning→ Train staff (including end users)→ Analyst starts building screens and templates according to organization and its policies→ Apply any changes specific to that organization→ Go live. ■ Presenting the system design to management is not the responsibility of the project implementation team. ● Maintenance Phase: Problem solving, any debugging, files backed up routinely and install any system upgrades, make sure it’s working as intended. ○ It is a continuous cycle. ○ System Evaluation IS NOT a phase of the information system life cycle. ● Informatics vs. Information Technology ○ Informatics: A combination of nursing science, computer science, and information science. ■ Specific information technologies that support nursing practice. ■ It is the science and art of turning data into information. ○ Information Technologies: A general term used to refer to the management and processing of information with the assistance of computers, ex → EHR, barcode medication administration… (Uses computers to transmit data.) ■ CPOE, barcode medication administration and clinical decision support are all examples of Information Technologies. ○ Commonalities: Both aid in clinical decision making and are a major resource for many organizations. ● Discuss the relationship between the terms: ○ Data: A collection of numbers, characters, or facts that are gathered according to some perceived need for analysis and possibly action at a later point in time. ■ A patient's height, weight, code status, and date of birth are all examples of data. Once data is analyzed and interpreted, it then becomes information. ○ Information: Data that have been interpreted. ○ Knowledge: The synthesis of information derived from several sources to produce a single concept or idea. It is based on a logical process of analysis and provides order to thoughts and ideas and decreases uncertainty. ■ The Foundation of Knowledge Model: This is the basis for which knowledge is used to meet the needs of the healthcare delivery system. It is derived from its three key elements of: ● knowledge acquisition ● knowledge processing ● knowledge dissemination. ○ Wisdom: Occurs when knowledge is used appropriately to manage and solve problems. Relate the concept of information literacy to nursing informatics? ○ Information literacy: The ability to recognize when information is needed as well as the skills to find, evaluate, and use needed information effectively. ● Nursing and Informatics ○ Nursing Informatics: The use of technology and information to help support all aspects of nursing practice. ○ Includes direct delivery of care, administration, education, and research. ● Recognize the role of nurses as knowledge workers: ○ A knowledge worker is a: specialist in their field. ■ They have advanced formal education. ■ They can apply theoretical and analytical knowledge. ● . ■ continuous learner, use technology to support and inform nursing practice, and generate knowledge as a product. ● Explain the relationship of information science, computer science, and nursing science within the context of nursing practice: ○ These are the core sciences of nursing informatics/they are combined to make up nursing informatics. ● New technologies are continuously impacting the practice of nursing. Nursing informatics will continue to evolve with changes in the profession, the healthcare delivery system, and informatics in general. ● Know the different levels and expectations: ○ Novice/Beginning nurse: These Rns are more task based, but transition to knowledge based as they gain experience. ■ They possess basic computer skills and can use information systems to manage pts. ■ They can access data and charts electronically and can support pt safety initiatives using I.T. ■ They recognize the role of informatics in nursing. ○ Experienced nurse: A nurse who is able to pull trends out of data. ■ They support specialty areas (including quality improvement and other activities) via Information Technologies