GENE
EXPRESSION
Gene expression and cancer
Recombiast DNA technology
TOPk8_
,RELOMBI ANT DNA TECHNOLOGY
producing DNA fragments
-
recombiant DNA
technology allows genes
to be manipulated altered and transferred between
,
organisms these
techniques enable us to understand better how wrk and design
,
organisms
new industrial processes and medical applications
-
a number of diseases result from individuals being unable to produce for themselves various
metabolic chemicals ,
many of which are proteins g. insulin e. which are the product of
a
gene
↳ treatment of these previously involved extracting the chemical from a
human animal donor and introducing it to the patient
or ,
this
has risks of rejection infection as well being expensive
or as
therefore there
advantages producing tagequartitiesof-pwe.pro/-e-
in
-
are
from other sources .
:
techniques have been developed to
isolategene-s.hn
them and transfer them into these the to allow
microorganisms , are
grown
↳tÉ
continuous production of the desired protein .
combined in this
way is recombinant
DNA and the resulted organism is
try / geneticakymok.fi#M0
-
DNA" of one
organism
is accepted by different species and functions normally due to
the gÉÉsd and the process of transcription and translation
being the same .
: transferred DNA can be transcribed and translated normally
in the transgenic organism
↳ indirect evidence for evolution
PROCESSOFMAKINGPROTEINSUSINGDNATECHNOLOGY
- -
desiredgene.tn
1 .
Isolation of DNA fragments the with
.
Insertion of DNA fragment introverts
Transformation
3.
mbasnitablehostcell-4.ldennt.fi
of transfer the DNA
cation if successfully host cells that have takes up the
gene
lase gene markers )
5. Growth /cloning of the population of host cells
, METHODS TO PRODUCE DNA FRAGMENTS
-
before it can be transplanted ,
it must be identified and isolated from the rest of
the DNA as a
fragment by :
•
conversion of mRNA into cDNA
using reverse transcriptase
using restriction endonucleases
to cut
fragments containing the desired
°
gene
•
creating the gene in a
gene
machine based on known protein structure
REVERSETRANSPTASE
-
retroviruses e.
g.
Hiv have them coded information on the form of RNA yet
in a host cell synthesise DNA using the
they are able to
enzyme reverse
transcription which catalyses production of DNA from RNA
-
cell readily producing the protein is selected
e.
g. B cells of islets of langerhans produce insulin
-
cells have large quantities of relevant mRNA which
is more
easily extracted
-
reverse transcriptase is this used to make DNA from
it
RNA
,
this ☐
complementary DNA LCDNA ) because ☐
made up of nucleotides complementary to mRNA
-
to
form the other strand of DNA ,
DNA polymerase is used
to build up the complementary nucleotides on the cDNA
template
-
double stranded DNA is
the required gene
EXPRESSION
Gene expression and cancer
Recombiast DNA technology
TOPk8_
,RELOMBI ANT DNA TECHNOLOGY
producing DNA fragments
-
recombiant DNA
technology allows genes
to be manipulated altered and transferred between
,
organisms these
techniques enable us to understand better how wrk and design
,
organisms
new industrial processes and medical applications
-
a number of diseases result from individuals being unable to produce for themselves various
metabolic chemicals ,
many of which are proteins g. insulin e. which are the product of
a
gene
↳ treatment of these previously involved extracting the chemical from a
human animal donor and introducing it to the patient
or ,
this
has risks of rejection infection as well being expensive
or as
therefore there
advantages producing tagequartitiesof-pwe.pro/-e-
in
-
are
from other sources .
:
techniques have been developed to
isolategene-s.hn
them and transfer them into these the to allow
microorganisms , are
grown
↳tÉ
continuous production of the desired protein .
combined in this
way is recombinant
DNA and the resulted organism is
try / geneticakymok.fi#M0
-
DNA" of one
organism
is accepted by different species and functions normally due to
the gÉÉsd and the process of transcription and translation
being the same .
: transferred DNA can be transcribed and translated normally
in the transgenic organism
↳ indirect evidence for evolution
PROCESSOFMAKINGPROTEINSUSINGDNATECHNOLOGY
- -
desiredgene.tn
1 .
Isolation of DNA fragments the with
.
Insertion of DNA fragment introverts
Transformation
3.
mbasnitablehostcell-4.ldennt.fi
of transfer the DNA
cation if successfully host cells that have takes up the
gene
lase gene markers )
5. Growth /cloning of the population of host cells
, METHODS TO PRODUCE DNA FRAGMENTS
-
before it can be transplanted ,
it must be identified and isolated from the rest of
the DNA as a
fragment by :
•
conversion of mRNA into cDNA
using reverse transcriptase
using restriction endonucleases
to cut
fragments containing the desired
°
gene
•
creating the gene in a
gene
machine based on known protein structure
REVERSETRANSPTASE
-
retroviruses e.
g.
Hiv have them coded information on the form of RNA yet
in a host cell synthesise DNA using the
they are able to
enzyme reverse
transcription which catalyses production of DNA from RNA
-
cell readily producing the protein is selected
e.
g. B cells of islets of langerhans produce insulin
-
cells have large quantities of relevant mRNA which
is more
easily extracted
-
reverse transcriptase is this used to make DNA from
it
RNA
,
this ☐
complementary DNA LCDNA ) because ☐
made up of nucleotides complementary to mRNA
-
to
form the other strand of DNA ,
DNA polymerase is used
to build up the complementary nucleotides on the cDNA
template
-
double stranded DNA is
the required gene
