WGU c181 OA study guide

checks and balancesAns- each branch has a power to say no to the other 2 branches. balancing out all 3 branches so 1 doesn't become more powerful central ideas of federalist paper 51Ans- that separation of powers and checks and balances will prevent mob-rule. if powers distributed even between 3 branches BiacameralAns- having two branches or chambers in the legislative branch enumerated powersAns- Powers specifically given to Congress in the Constitution; including the power to collect taxes, coin money, regulate foreign and interstate commerce, and declare war. Necessary and Proper Clause/Elastic ClauseAns- Constitutional clause that gives congress the power to make all laws "necessary and proper" for executing its powers FederalismAns- a form of government in which power is divided between the federal, or national, government and the states( each state has different rules they have to follow but then there are more rules that the whole country has to follow) Federalist Paper #10Ans- No faction (group with a common political purpose) or interest group can control or take over power. The 3 branches of government make sure that does not happen judical reviewAns- the right of the Supreme Court to determine if a law violates the Constitution Lemon v. Kurtzman (1971)Ans- 1971 must not discourage or advance religion and does not entangle the government with religion. Citizens United v. Federal Election CommissionAns- ruled that individuals, corporations, and unions could donate unlimited amounts of money to groups that make independent political expenditures. (ex. super PACS) Sherbert v. Verner (1963)Ans- a lady declined a job because the job conflicted with her religion. it was forcing her to give up her religious beliefs because they wouldn't give her unemployment benefits Tinker v. Des Moines (1969)Ans- Students have the right to symbolic speech at school as long as it is not disruptive District of Columbia v. Heller (2008)Ans- Individuals have a right to own a loaded handgun at home for self defense McDonald v. Chicago (2010)Ans- The right of an individual to "keep and bear arms" cannot be ban by state or local government Gideon v. Wainwright (1963)Ans- A person who cannot afford an attorney may have one provided for them by the government Miranda v. Arizona (1966)Ans- The accused suspects must be notified of their rights before being questioned by the police Mapp v. Ohio (1961)Ans- Evidence illegally gathered by the police may not be used in a criminal trial Griswold v. Connecticut (1965)Ans- Supreme Court decision in which the Court ruled that the Constitution completely guarantees citizens' right to privacy. (woman had the right to birth control) Roe v. Wade (1973)Ans- increased the right to privacy to include the right to an abortion in the first 3 months of the pregnancy Lawrence v. Texas (2003)Ans- state law may not ban sexual relations between samesex partners Dred Scott v. Sanford (1857)Ans- Slaves are not citizens (they were viewed as property) and therefore have no legal rights Plessy v. Ferguson (1896)Ans- Legalized racial segregation in publicly owned facilities on the basis of "separate but equal." Brown v. Board of Education (1954)Ans- overruled Plessy v. Ferguson, declared that racially segregated facilities are inherently unequal and ordered all public schools desegregated. de facto segregationAns- Segregation resulting from economic or social conditions or personal choice. de jure segregationAns- government forced segregation Civil Rights Act of 1964Ans- outlawed discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin Civil Rights MovementAns- political movement for african americans equality before the law California vs. BakkeAns- Case which challenged affirmative action laws and mandated that quotas can not be used. (quotas= all different races and genders etc.) 24th AmendmentAns- Abolishes poll taxes 19th AmendmentAns- Gave women the right to vote 13th AmendmentAns- abolished slavery 14th AmendmentAns- Declares that all people born in the U.S. are citizens and are guaranteed equal protection of the laws 15th AmendmentAns- States cannot deny any person the right to vote because of race. Jim Crow LawsAns- Laws designed to enforce segregation of blacks from whites Black CodesAns- Southern laws designed to restrict the rights of the newly freed black slaves equality of opportunityAns- giving people an equal chance to succeed equality of outcomeAns- given the same opportunity and privileges two people should end up in the same position or at least equal position. 1st AmendmentAns- Freedom of Religion, Speech, Press, Assembly, and Petition 2nd AmendmentAns- Right to bear arms 3rd AmendmentAns- the housing of soldiers 4th AmendmentAns- Protection against Unreasonable Search and Seizure 5th AmendmentAns- double jeopardy, i'll plead the 5th, gov. cant take your property,