NURSING MSN 570-WEEK 2 Patho 1_9 Latest Updated Questions Answers 2022.

NURSING MSN 570-WEEK 2 Patho 1_9 Latest Updated Questions Answers 2022. 1.ADENOCARCINOMA OF THE LUNG ● LUNG CARCINOMA is typically divided into two categories, small cell carcinoma and non-small cell carcinoma. ● NON-SMALL CELL carcinoma subtypes include adenocarcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, large cell carcinoma and carcinoid tumor. ● ADENOCARCINOMA is the most common lung cancer and is the most common lung cancer in nonsmokers. It typically arises in the periphery of the lunch and may present with hemoptysis or finger clubbing. This cancer is associate with the KRAS, EGFR and ALK mutations. ● On history, adenocarcinoma displays a glandular pattern and often stains mucin positive. ● In the early stages, treatment involves surgical resection. In the later stages, treatment involves radiation and chemotherapy. QUESTIONS: 1. Which of the following microscopic findings or histological descriptions is most likely associated with adenocarcinoma of the lung? ANSWER: Often stains with mucin 2. Which of the following is most likely associated with the pathophysiology of adenocarcinoma of the lung? ANSWER: KRAS, EGFR, and ALK mutations 3. Which of the following is most likely associated with adenocarcinoma of the lung? ANSWER: most common in nonsmokers 4. Which of the following is most likely associated with adenocarcinoma of the lung? ANSWER: presents with hemoptysis 5. Which of the following treatments is most likely associated with localized adenocarcinoma of the lung? ANSWER: Surgical resection 6. Which of the following treatments is most likely associated with metastatic adenocarcinoma of the lung? ANSWER: chemotherapy and radiation 7. Which of the following is most likely associated with adenocarcinoma of the lung? ANSWER: most common lung cancer 8. Which of the following clinical features us most likely associated with adenocarcinoma of the lung? ANSWER: clubbing 9. Which of the following microscopic findings or histological descriptions is most likely associated with adenocarcinoma of the lung? ANSWER: glandular pattern 10. Which of the following is most likely associated with the tumor location in adenocarcinoma of the lung? ANSWER: peripheral location 2.BRONCHIAL CARCINOID TUMOR ● LUNG CARCINOMA is typically divided into two categories, small cell carcinoma and non-small cell carcinoma. ● NON-SMALL CELL CARCINOMA subtypes include adenocarcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, large cell carcinoma and carcinoid tumor. ● BRONCHIAL CARCINOID TUMOR is a neuroendocrine tumor that carries an excellent prognosis. It may be asymptomatic or may present with symptoms of bronchial obstruction such as coughing or hemoptysis. ● Occasionally, bronchial carcinoid tumors may cause carcinoid syndrome which is characterized by flushing, diarrhea, and wheezing. These tumors are CHROMOGRANIN A positive and histology shows nests of neuroendocrine cells. ● Additionally, patients will have elevated urine 5-HIAA when carcinoid syndrome is present. ● Treatment includes surgical resection and octreotide for symptomatic relief. QUESTIONS: 1. Which of the following treatments is most likely indicated for bronchial carcinoid tumor? ANSWER: octreotide for symptomatic relief 2. Systemic disease associated with bronchial tumor characterized by a release of vasoactive substances is best known as which of the following? ANSWER: carcinoid syndrome 3. Which of the following treatments is most likely indicated for bronchial carcinoid tumor? ANSWER: surgical resection 4. Which of the following tests, results, or markers is most often used to diagnose bronchial carcinoid tumor? ANSWER: 5-HIAA in urine 5. Which of the microscopic finding or histological description is best associated with bronchial carcinoid tumor? ANSWER: Nests of neuroendocrine cells 6. Which of the following facts is most commonly associated with bronchial carcinoid tumor? ANSWER: often asymptomatic 7. Which of the following facts is best associated with bronchial carcinoid tumor? ANSWER: symptoms of bronchial obstruction 8. Which of the following facts best describes bronchial carcinoid tumor? ANSWER: excellent prognosis 9. Which microscopic finding or histological description is best associated with bronchial carcinoid tumor? ANSWER: Chromogranin A positive 10. Which of the following signs, symptoms, or diseases is most likely to be seen in a patient with bronchial carcinoid tumor? ANSWER: flushing 11. Which of the following signs, symptoms, or diseases is most likely to be seen in a patient with bronchial carcinoid tumor? ANSWER: diarrhea 12. Which of the following signs, symptoms, or diseases is most likely to be seen in a patient with bronchial carcinoid tumor? ANSWER: wheezing 3.LARGE CELL CARCINOMA ● LUNG CARCINOMA is typically divided into two categories, small cell carcinoma and non-small cell carcinoma. ● NON-SMALL CELL carcinoma subtypes include adenocarcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, large cell carcinoma and carcinoid tumor. ● LARGE CELL CARCINOMA of the lung has a strong correlation with smoking and typically has a poor prognosis. ● It is commonly located in the periphery of the lung. ● Patients may present with GYNECOMASTIA and GALACTORRHEA since some tumors secrete beta-hCG. ● Large cell carcinoma is often a diagnosis of exclusion and histology shows anaplastic cells and pleomorphic giant cells. ● Treatment is typically surgical resection since this tumor is less responsive to chemotherapy. QUESTIONS: 1. Which of the following cell types most closely relates to large cell carcinoma? ANSWER: Anaplastic cells 2. Which of the following is indicates as treatment for large cell carcinoma? ANSWER: surgical resection 3. Which of the following cell types most closely relates to large cell carcinoma? ANSWER: pleomorphic giant cells 4. Which of the following descriptions is most closely associated with large cell carcinoma? ANSWER: poor prognosis 5. Which of the following is true regarding large cell carcinoma? ANSWER: strong correlation with smoking 6. Which of the following is true regarding large cell carcinoma? ANSWER: may produce beta-hCG 7. During your assessment of a patient with large cell carcinoma, which of the following is most likely to be seen? ANSWER: galactorrhea 8. During your assessment of a patient with early large cell carcinoma, which of the following is most likely to be seen? ANSWER: peripheral lesions 9. Which of the following is most true of large cell carcinoma? ANSWER: less responsive to chemotherapy and radiation 10. Which of the following is most closely associated with large cell carcinoma? ANSWER: Gynecomastia 11. Which off the following is most accurate regarding the diagnosis of large cell carcinoma? ANSWER: diagnosis of exclusion 4.SMALL CELL (OAT CELL) CARCINOMA ● LUNG CARCINOMA is typically divided into two categories, small cell carcinoma and non-small cell carcinoma. ● NON-SMALL CELL carcinoma subtypes include adenocarcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, large cell carcinoma and carcinoid tumor. ● SMALL CELL LUNG CANCER (SCLC), formerly known as OAT CELL CARCINOMA, is a highly malignant cancer that is strongly correlated with smoking. It often arises in the central portion of the lungs and causes narrowing of the bronchial airways. ● SCLC is known to produce various paraneoplastic syndromes including Cushing’s disease via ectopic production of ACTH, syndrome of inappropriate ADH (SIADH) and Lambert-Eaton Syndrome. ● Histology shows KULCHITSKY cells, and the cells are CHROMOGRANIN A positive and NEURONSPECIFIC ENOLASE POSITIVE. ● Chemotherapy and radiation are the mainstays of treatment. QUESTIONS: 1. Which of the following is most likely associated with development of Small Cell (Oat Cell) carcinoma? ANSWER: strong correlation with smoking 2. Which microscopic finding or histological description is associated with Small Cell (Oat Cell) carcinoma? ANSWER: Chromogranin A positive 3. Which paraneoplastic syndrome is best associated with small cell (oat cell) carcinoma? ANSWER: cushing’s syndrome 4. Choose the proper histological cell type associated with small cell (oat cell) carcinoma? ANSWER: Kulchitsky cells.