US History I Milestone 1

US History I Milestone 1. You passed this Milestone 16 questions were answered correctly. 8 questions were answered incorrectly. 1 question was skipped. These were marked incorrect. 1 Which of the following describes North American Indians prior to European contact? RATIONALE The Aztec constructed elaborate temples in their capital city, Tenochtitlán. The Inca had no system of writing, but communicated and kept records using a system called quipu, which consisted of colored threads knotted in different ways. Unlike these major civilizations, most North American Indians lived in small, autonomous villages which lacked large-scale social organization and commercial enterprises. CONCEPT The First Settlers 2 Read the excerpt written by the governor of the Virginia Colony in its early years: “Then haveinge fedd uponn horses and other beastes as long as they Lasted we weare gladd to make shifte wth vermine as doggs Catts Ratts and myce All was fishe thatt came to Nett to satisfye Crewell hunger as to eate Bootes shoes or any other leather some colde Come by And those being Spente and devoured some weare inforced to searche the woodes and to feede upon Serpents and snakes and to digge the earthe for wylde and unknowne Rootes where many of our men weare Cutt off of and slayne by the Salvages.” Considering possible author bias, select the statement that most likely identifies the author’s purpose. RATIONALE When reading primary sources, historians rely on the five Ws (including questions of who, what, when, where, and why/for what purpose) to think about them critically. Since this is a document written by the governor of the Virginia Colony in its early years, and it describes terrible conditions and hostile natives during the "starving time," the author is probably not trying to attract new settlers or address Native Americans. As this account matches what you learned about the "starving time," it is most likely a straightforward account of events that took place. CONCEPT Analyzing Primary Sources Think About It: How Did the Experience of the English Settlers Differ? 3 Choose two statements that reflect major features of the northern colonies. RATIONALE Because they were founded by Puritans, religion and government were closely intertwined in the northern colonies. Adherence to Puritanism was carefully monitored and enforced by the community. All members of the community were required to attend church, and town leaders, who were also religious leaders, determined who among the community were "elect," or full church members. The system of government in the northern colonies reflected the communal nature of the Puritan religion, and voting rights were extended to all male church members, no matter their economic status. CONCEPT Settling the Northern Colonies 4 Kyle traveled to Ireland to examine primary sources related to the Great Famine. Which task of a historian is Kyle performing? RATIONALE When he travels to Ireland and reads primary sources, Kyle collects facts about the Great Famine. Compiling facts about the past is one of the tasks that historians engage in when they write history. CONCEPT The Historian's Practice 5 The system of interactions among the Americas, Africa, and Europe, in which slaves and goods became commodities is known as (A) the Triangular Trade . A mercantilism the Atlantic World the Triangular Trade globalization RATIONALE The Triangular Trade is the term given to the economic relationship that developed between the Old World (Europe and Africa) and the New World (the Americas) in the 16th and 17th centuries. The Triangular Trade contributed to the emergence of an Atlantic World, in which economic, cultural, and intellectual relationships linked the hemispheres. CONCEPT The Atlantic World 6 Spanish colonization projects in the New World in the 16th century were best characterized by all of the following EXCEPT . RATIONALE In colonizing the New World in the 16th century, the Spanish were motivated by a desire for wealth and national glory and a desire to convert native peoples to Catholicism. The exploits of Spanish conquistadores such as Hernán Cortés and Francisco Pizarro were characterized by the violent overthrow of native emperors and a disregard for native life. The Spanish did not compete for influence in the New World in the 16th century with England. CONCEPT Spanish Contact 7 Motivations for maritime exploration included all of the following, EXCEPT . RATIONALE Early explorers, most notably the Portuguese and Spanish, engaged in maritime exploration for religion (i.e., spreading Catholicism), power (i.e., imperial competition), and profit (i.e., improving access to valuable goods by finding faster water routes to connect Europe and the East by way of Africa and the Atlantic). These motivations also applied to the voyages of Christopher Columbus, which were not commissioned for scientific purposes. CONCEPT Maritime Exploration 8 The establishment of the (A) Massachusetts Bay Colony was driven by religious faith and stable families who wanted an independent existence. A M assachusetts Bay Jamestown Pennsylvania Maryland RATIONALE The Massachusetts Bay Colony was established by Puritans who left England in the 1630s in large family groups under the leadership of governor John Winthrop. These Puritans and many thousands more left their English homes not to establish a land of religious freedom but to practice their own form of Protestantism without persecution. CONCEPT The English Colonial Experiment: Virginia and Massachusetts 9 Read these excerpts from The History and Present State of Virginia, published in 1705: Slaves are the Negroes, and their Posterity, following the condition of the Mother, according to the Maxim, partus sequitur ventrem [status follows the womb]. . . . Servants, are those which serve only for a few years, according to the time of their Indenture, or the Custom of the Country. An analysis of these excerpts reveals the distinctions made between slaves and servants in southern colonial society. Choose the statement that best explains this distinction. RATIONALE Recall that by the end of the 17th century, a system of slavery based on the enslavement of blacks became increasingly central to the southern colonies and replaced indentured servitude as the primary form of labor. The phrases "Slaves are the Negroes, and their Posterity, following the condition of the Mother" and "Servants, are those which serve only for a few years, according to the time of their Indenture" tell us that by the early 1700s, slavery was an inheritable condition reserved for this of African descent, while servants, who were white, had a much shorter term of service. CONCEPT Settling the Southern Colonies 10 While he is having the backyard dug up for a swimming pool, Matthew discovers several oddly shaped rocks that turn out to be ancient stone tools. Matthew has found (A) a rchaelogical evidence . A a written history archaelogical evidence Native American artifacts an oral history RATIONALE Historians must use different techniques to study prehistoric peoples or events, because written sources are lacking. Ancient objects dug out of the earth are an example of archeological evidence, or the physical evidence found in excavation that can be used in the study of the past. CONCEPT Think About It: What is History? 11 How did the invention of the cotton gin in 1793 transform the American economy? Given the historical question above, choose the best primary or secondary source to answer the question. RATIONALE Recall that, when choosing sources, historians have to consider the five Ws, such as "What’s going on in the source?" to determine what will be most relevant and important for their research. Although all of these potential sources contain information somewhat related to the historical topic, an economic analysis of cotton and textile production in the late 1700s- mid 1800s would contain the best and most comprehensive information for answering the research question. CONCEPT Analyzing Primary Sources 12 Which of the following does NOT reflect a relationship within the Triangular Trade system? RATIONALE Although rum was a commodity involved in the Triangular Trade system, its consumption in the Americas does not reflect a relationship within that system. The exportation of sugar to Europe for processing into rum, the transport of rum to Africa in exchange for slaves, and the movement of slaves from Africa to the New World does reflect the movement of goods within the Triangular Trade. CONCEPT The Atlantic World 13 Which statement is NOT reflective of the Massachusetts colonies in the 17th century? RATIONALE Although the Northern and Southern colonies both benefited from slave labor, racial slavery increasingly replaced indentured servitude in the Southern colonies by the end of the 17th century. By the 18th century, racial slavery was central to the social and political structure of colonies like Virginia. Colonies in Massachusetts were primarily founded by devout Puritans, who instituted local governments with a religious basis. Government officials were often church leaders. Everyone in the community was required to attend church services, and to sign a covenant to follow Puritan theology. Most men in these communities were allowed to vote, regardless of their economic circumstances. CONCEPT Settling the Southern Colonies Settling the Northern Colonies 14 Which of the following statements reflects the process of commodification?