TExES Physical Education EC-12 158

TExES Physical Education EC-12 158 Stages of Motor Learning Stage 1 - ☑Children progress from simple reflexes to basic movements such as sitting, crawling, creeping, standing, and walking. Stages of Motor Learning Stage 2 - ☑Children learn more complex motor patterns including running, climbing, jumping, balancing, catching, and throwing. Stages of Motor Learning Stage 3 - ☑During late childhood, children learn more specific movement skills. In addition, the basic motor patterns learned in Stage 2 become more fluid and automatic. Stages of Motor Learning Stage 4 - ☑During adolescence, children continue to develop general and specific motor skills and master specialized movements. At this point, factors including practice, motivation, and talent begin to affect the level of further development. Practice - ☑Frequent, structured practice of motor skills enhances skill development in children. Positive Feedback - ☑When a skill is learned it goes into short term memory and receives positive feedback. The skill may eventually go into their long-term memory, creating memory that is more permanent. Encourage the performer and helps in making the performer remember every aspect of the performance. Intrinsic Feedback - ☑Information received by the athlete as a direct result of producing a movement through the kinesthetic senses- e.g. feeling from muscles, joints, and balance. Extrinsic Feedback - ☑Information not inherent in the movement itself but which improves intrinsic feedback (this is also known as augmented feedback). _____ feedback enables the athlete to establish a kinesthetic reference for the correct movement. - ☑Extrinsic Self-Assessment - ☑Powerful tool in motor skill development. Requires students to assess their own skills and abilities encourages students to reflect upon their current skill level and take control of the development process. Many physical education instructors believe that _____ learning is the most effective method of learning motor skills. - ☑Observational Learning _____ observation of proper skill performance by an instructor or peer is generally more effective in promoting skill development than verbal instructions. - ☑Visual Perceptual- motor development - ☑One's ability to receive, interpret, and respond successfully to sensory signals coming from the environment. Adolescents with _______ motor coordination problems are at risk for poor school performance, low self-esteem, and inadequate physical activity participation. - ☑Perceptual Body Awareness - ☑Is a person's understanding of his or her own body parts and their capability of movement. Spacial Awareness - ☑Is the ability to make decisions about an object's positional changes in space. (awareness of three-dimensional space position changes) Developing spatial awareness requires two sequential phases: - ☑1. Identifying the location of objects in relation to one's own body in space. 2. Locating more than one object in relation to each object and independent of ones own body. Effort Awareness - ☑Is the knowledge of balance, time and force and how they relate to athletic movements and activities. Societal - ☑The general perceptions around them about the importance of fitness activities will necessarily have an effect on their own choice regarding physical activity. "playground to Play Station" Psychological - ☑Psychological influences on motor development and fitness include a student's mental well-being, perceptions of fitness activities, and level of comfort in a fitness-training environment (both alone and within a group). Students experiencing depression.... - ☑will tend to be apathetic and lack both the energy and inclination to participate in fitness activities. As a result, their motor development and fitness levels will suffer. Economic - ☑The economic situation of students can affect their motor development and fitness because lack of resources and detract from the ability of parents to provide access to extra-curricular activities that promote development, proper fitness training equipment, and even adequate nutrition. Familial - ☑Factors that can influence motor development and fitness relate to the student's home climate concerning physical activity. A student's own feelings toward physical activity often reflect the degree to which caregivers and role models are athletically inclined and have a positive attitude towards physical activity. The parent doesn't have to be athletically inclined , so much as it is important for them to encourage their child to explore fitness activities that could suit them.