Summary EFFECTS OF Ph LEVEL,ENZYME CONCENTRATION AND TEMPARATURE .

Introduction In chemistry, a catalyst is a compound that speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction without changing its own chemical makeup permanently. In the human body, there are catalysts that are made up of proteins, and they are called enzymes. Life probably wouldn’t be possible without enzymes because they catalyze every single chemical reaction inside the cell (Wilson, Nguyen, D’Alessio, Lavin, & Keith 2018). Studying enzymes is not only important to research because they are essential for life, but studying enzymes is also important because they can be used in enhancing treatment in medicine. There is a study where clinicians and enzyme engineers are using immobilized enzymes in clinical medicine. Enzymes possibly can be used therapeutic agents because the can perform intricate chemical reactions under physiological conditions. (Klein & Langer 2018). Enzymes hold a significant role in biology, so it is important to know what can hinder an enzyme from doing its job. In this experiment, the effect a solution’s pH, a solution’s temperature, and a solution’s enzyme concentration has on enzyme activity. The enzyme and substrate used in this experiment is alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and para nitrophenol-phosphate (pNPP). The reason why these two were used was because when ALP catalyzes the colorless pNPP, it turns it into the yellow para nitrophenol (pNP). The change in yellow overtime is then measured using a spectrophotometer. When the variations in pH level, temperature, and enzyme concentration are recorded and their corresponding changes of absorbance readings over time are recorded, the enzymatic activity can be calculated. The first alternative hypothesis and null hypothesis was for Part 1 of the experiment. The alternative was that ALP has a higher enzymatic activity in a neutral solution than in relatively acidic or basic solutions, and the null was that the enzymatic activity will not be higher if it is in “The Effect of pH Level, Enzyme Concentration, and Temperature Had on Enzyme Activity of Alkaline Phosphatase” 3 a neutral solution. The second alternative and null hypotheses were for Part 2 of the experiment. The alternative was that the catalytic rate for ALP increases as the concentration of ALP increases in a solution, and the null was that enzyme concentration has no effect on ALP’s