Pass the Big ABA Section 4: Assessment (TaskList-I) 12 Questions At BCBA Exam

Pass the Big ABA Section 4: Assessment (TaskList-I) 12 Questions At BCBA Exam 2 Procedures for Identifying Effective Reinforcers ans: Stimulus Preference Assessment Reinforcer Assessment 2 Types of Functional Analysis ans: extended functional analysis brief functional analysis 3 Basic Methods of Stimulus Preference Assessment ans: Asking About the Stimulus Preference Free-Operant Observation Trial-Based Methods 3 Characteristics of Good Operational Definitions ans: OCC objective clear complete 3 Data Collection Methods for Descriptive FBAs ans: ABC Continuous Recording ABC Narrative Recording Scatter Plot 3 Factors of Social Validity ans: social significance of your goals social appropriateness of the procedures social importance of the effects 3 Types of Trial Based Methods of Stimulus Preference Assessment ans: PMS Paired Stimulus (Forced Choice) Multiple Stimulus Single Stimulus (Successive Choice) 4 Functions of Problem Behavior ans: SEAT sensory escape attention tangible 4 phases of intervention ans: APIE assessment planning implementation evaluation 4 typical original conditions of functional analysis ans: 3 test conditions and 1 control condition 1. Contingent attention (AKA: social disapproval condition) 2. contingent escape (AKA: academic demand condition) 3. Alone 4. Control (AKA: play condition) behaviors are low in this UNSTRUCTURED condition because reinforcement is freely available Iwata NOTE: 5th condition: Tangible-used only if you suspect the clients problem behavior to serve the function of attaining access to a tangible conducted one at a time in an alternating sequence until a pattern of problem behavior occurs. 4 Ways to Acquire Information for Assessment ans: COIT checklists observation interviews tests 5 phases of assessment ans: 1. screening and general deposition 2. defining and quantifying 3. pinpointing target behaviors to be treated 4. monitoring progress 5. following-up ABC Continuous Recording ans: like a check list! record occurrences of targeted problem behaviors and selected environmental events within the natural routine during a specified period of time all ABC data should be recorded for a minimum of 20-30 minutes ABC Narrative Recording ans: data are collected only when behaviors of interest are observed recording is open ended you can calculate conditional probability with this method too less time consuming Advantages of ABC Continuous Recording ans: Advantages of ABC Continuous Recording ans: uses precise measures provides useful contextual information and correlations regarding environmental events and the problem behavior, which can provide useful information for later functional analysis calculates conditonal probabilities (correlational data) Advantages of Functional Analysis ans: clear demonstration of variables that relate to problem behavior standard to which all other forms of FBA are evaluated enables development of effective reinforcement based treatment Advantages of Indirect FBA ans: contributes to hypothesis development about what may be maintaining problem behavior simple to use because they do not require observations advantages of scatter plots ans: identifies time periods when the problem behavior occurs can be useful to pinpoint periods of the day when more focused abc assessments can be conducted aka for assessment ans: functional behavior assessment FBA AKA's for direct descriptive FBA ans: descriptive assessment direct assessment AKAs for ABC Narrative Recording ans: Sequence Analysis ABC descriptive narrative data AKAs for Functional Analysis ans: FA Experimental Analysis Analog Assessment anecdotal observation ans: aka ABC recording temporally sequenced description of behaviors requires total attention of observer for at least 20-30 minutes continuously keep it observable and measurable carry out several days so reactivity effects can decrease Asking About the Stimulus Preference ans: ask the target person ask the significant other offer a pre task choice assessing the social significance of potential target behaviors ans: consider whose behavior is being assessed and why do not change behaviors for the benefit of others or because of yourself always ask yourself, to what extent will the proposed change improve the persons life? assessment ans: a systematic method for obtaining information about what the function of the behavior is it allows empirically based hypothesis about why behavior occurs based on data Assessment is Ongoing ans: Assessment is one of the 6 Client Basic Rights behavior is dynamic behavior cusps ans: behaviors that OPEN a persons world to NEW contingencies exposes the individuals repertoire to new environments, to include new reinforcers and punishers, new contingencies new responses, new stimulus controls, and new communities of maintaining or destructive contingencies has sudden and dramatic consequences that extend well beyond the change itself ex: reading ex: generalized imitation Brief Functional Analysis ans: Conducting a functional analysis in a short period of time each condition (attention, escape, alone and play ) is run for 10 minutes each condition must include and MO and SD if the behavior increases then the consequence IS the function checklists ans: AKA behavior checklist likert scales alone or with interview/rating scales asks about antecedent and consequence events to the target behaviors clear ans: readable and unambiguous complete ans: delineates boundaries of a definition (included and excluded component behaviors ans: AKA for prerequisite behaviors Concurrent Schedule Reinforcer Assessment ans: two or more contingencies of reinforcement operate independently and simulataneously for 2 or more behaviors pits 2 stumuli against each other to see which will produce the larger increase in responding when presented as a consequence for responding shows the relative effectiveness of high preference (HP) and low preference (LP) stimuli as reinforcers THINK MATCHING LAW Conditional Probability ans: probability that a target behavior will occur in a specific circumstance taken from ABC data looks at the proportion of the occurrence of problem behavior Contrived Free-Operant Observation ans: The practitioner fills the environment with a variety of items that the person MAY like Default Technologies ans: coercive, punishment based interventions often selected arbitrarily "Go to your room!" Conducting FBAs decreases reliance on default technologies describe and explain behavior including private events in behavior analytical (non-mentalistic terms) ans: when conducting an assessment and talking to various people about the client, you should speak in your behavior language direct descriptive FBA ans: direct observation of problem behavior under natural conditions events are NOT arranged in a systematic manner provides data on the occurrence of the behavior within the context of the natural environment in which it occurs and also the environmental events that surround it approximation of functional analysis involves baseline data collection direct measures ans: provide information about a person's behavior as it's occurring in real time preferred over indirect measures tests and direct observation Disadvantage of ABC Narrative Recording ans: does not help us establish the function false positives may be going on the same antecedent and consequences events may be present when the behavior is absent reliability may be low inferences may be made Disadvantages of ABC Continuous Recording ans: antecedents and consequences do not reliably precede and follow problem behavior, making correlations difficult to detect Disadvantages of Functional Analysis ans: they may temporarily strengthen the problem behavior behavior may acquire new functions difficult to utilize for serious low frequency behaviors acceptability is low if conducted in a contrived setting it may not identify idiosyncratic variables related to the problem behavior Disadvantages of Indirect FBA ans: informants might not be accurate little research supports the reliability of information obtained best used for hypothesis development disadvantages of scatter plots ans: may be subjective does not determine the function of problem behavior does not offer any replacement behaviors discrepancy analysis ans: tells you if the problem behavior is at problematic levels helps you determine the behavioral standard for acceptability ecological assessment ans: a great deal of information is gathered about the individual and the various settings where that person eats, lives, works, and plays creates a lot of descriptive data Explaining behavioral concepts using non-technical language ans: explain concepts in a non ABA technical speak language when talking to others FBA Methods Pyramid ans: 1. Analog Assessment/Functional Analysis 2. Descriptive Direct Assessment 3. Indirect Assessment fluency ans: accuracy + speed Free-Operant Observation ans: recording what activities a person engages in when they can choose during a period of unrestricted access to numerous activities Functional Analysis ans: only FBA method that allows us to confirm a hypothesis regarding functional relations between behaviors and environmental events antecedents and consequences are manipulated so that their separate effects on behavior can be observed GOLD STANDARD Analog conditions allow for better control of variables FA done in natural settings yield same results as those done in simulated settings Functional Analysis: Attention Function ans: tests for positive reinforcement client is given attention and then attention is removed to establish the MO if the problem behavior occurs, a mild reprimand is given and attention is removed again if rates of problem behavior are higher in this condition, attention is the maintaining reinforcer. Functional Analysis: Automatic Reinforcement` ans: alone=automatic reinforcement client remains in a room without demands and with no social interaction if challenging behavior occurs, no consequence is given if the problem behavior occurs in the absence of social consequences, automatic reinforcement is the maintaining reinforcer