Nclex Maternity

1. Most favorable pelvis for successful labor and birth Gynecoid Umbilical cord -2 arteries that carry deoxygenated blood and waste products away from the fetus -1 large vein that carries oxygenated blood and nutrients to the fetus 2.Nagele's Rule -Take the first day of the woman's last menstrual cycle -Subtract 3 months -Add 7 days -Add 1 year 3. GP *Gravidity*: number of total pregnancies, regardless of the outcome *Parity*: number of births carried past 20 weeks' gestation, whether or not the fetus was born alive GTPAL *Gravidity*: # of pregnancies, including the current one *Term*: # of term births (37 weeks or greater) *Preterm*: # of births born before 37 weeks *Abortions*: abortions or miscarriages *Living children*: living children 3.Presumptive signs of pregnancy Amenorrhea Nausea/vomiting Increased size of breasts Urinary frequency 4. *Quickening* (first perception of fetal movement by mother) When can quickening happen? Between the 16th and 20th week of gestation 5.Probable signs of pregnancy *Chadwick's sign*: blue coloring of the cervix *Goodell's sign*: softening of the cervix itself (nose vs lips) *Hegar's sign*: softening of the isthmus of the uterus 6.Ballottement: rebounding of fetus on examiner's fingers during palpation Positive signs of pregnancy -Fetal heart rate detected by a doppler or fetoscope -Active fetal movements palpable by examiner -Outline of fetus via radiography or ultrasonography Fundal height -Fetus sticks out above the true pelvis around the 2nd trimester -Fundal height in centimeters approximately equals fetal age in weeks 7. When is the fundus found halfway between the pubis symphysis and umbilicus? At 16 weeks 8.When is the fundus located at the umbilicus? At 20-22 weeks 9. Vital sign changes during pregnancy Pulse increase 10-15bpm 10.Blood pressure decreases slightly in second semester RR remains unchanged or slightly elevated 11.When should a woman experience urinary frequency? In the first and third trimesters 12.Is colostrum leaking normal? Yes