BTEC Applied Science Unit 8 Assignment A

UNIT 8: MUSCULOSKELETAL
DISORDERS
A: Understand the impact of disorders of the
musculoskeletal system and their associated
corrective treatments

Musculoskeletal Disorders




Ajmal Shekeb Noormal

,Unit 8: Musculoskeletal Disorders


Table of Contents
Scenario .................................................................................................... 3
The musculoskeletal system ............................................................................ 3
Introduction: ............................................................................................ 3
Functions of skeletal system ......................................................................... 3
Bones..................................................................................................... 5
Axial skeleton: ....................................................................................... 6
Cranium: .............................................................................................. 6
Cranial bone conditions: ........................................................................... 6
Mandible: ............................................................................................. 7
Maxilla: ............................................................................................... 7
Vertebral Column: .................................................................................. 7
Ribs and Sternum:................................................................................... 9
Appendicular skeleton: ............................................................................. 9
Humerus: ............................................................................................. 9
Radius and Ulna: .................................................................................. 10
Femur ............................................................................................... 10
Patella .............................................................................................. 10
Tibia and Fibula: .................................................................................. 11
Carpals, metacarpals, and phalanges: ......................................................... 11
Tarsal, metatarsus, phalanges, and calcaneus: .............................................. 11
Scapular and clavicle: ............................................................................ 12
Ilium, pubis, and ischium: ....................................................................... 12
Bone types:......................................................................................... 13
Bone composition: ................................................................................ 13
Muscles ................................................................................................ 16
Pectoralis major: .................................................................................. 17
Deltoid muscle (Musculus deltoideus): ........................................................ 17
Latissimus dorsi muscle: ......................................................................... 17
Rotator Cuff: ....................................................................................... 17
Joints: ............................................................................................... 18
Health disorders, disfunctions and treatments of the musculoskeletal system .............. 21
Hypermobility: ....................................................................................... 21
Treatments: ........................................................................................ 22
Repetitive strain injury (RSI): ...................................................................... 23
Treatments: ........................................................................................ 24
Bone fractures: ....................................................................................... 26

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,Unit 8: Musculoskeletal Disorders

Treatments: ........................................................................................ 27
Affects to the body and joints ..................................................................... 27
Hypermobility ...................................................................................... 27
RSI ................................................................................................... 27
Bone fractures ..................................................................................... 27
The effects and comparison of the treatment .................................................. 28
Case study; Bone Fracture: ........................................................................ 29
Bibliography ............................................................................................. 31




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, Unit 8: Musculoskeletal Disorders

Scenario
I work as a trainee Health Care Assistant in the Occupational Health Department of
a large sports and fitness firm (Pure Gym) (OHD). My bosses are concerned that
employee absenteeism due to musculoskeletal diseases is costing them a significant
amount of time. They hope that by collaborating with other health-care
professionals, the OHD will be able to develop support programmes that educate
and guide employees about the structure and function of the musculoskeletal
system, as well as the treatments available for system disorders and the effective
clinical management of common musculoskeletal disorders. The management team
at the company hopes that this programme would reduce absenteeism by allowing
employees to return to work as soon as feasible. My role is to carry out research in
order to produce information that will be used to educate the employees.



The musculoskeletal system
Introduction:
Bones, ligaments, tendons, and muscle make up the musculoskeletal system, which
gives the human body its shape. It helps us move around by providing support and
protection to our organs. The musculoskeletal system is comprised of 80 bones.
There is also cartilage that is a little more flexible, allowing the bones to glide over
one another. Tendons link bones to muscles, and ligaments link bones together.
When the muscles contract, these two works together to help move the bones in
different directions. Joints in the musculoskeletal system allow bones to fit together
and move freely without causing discomfort.1

Functions of skeletal system
The human skeletal structure determines body shape. Your body changes as you grow
and develop, such as your height or width. The skeleton also affects the hands, feet,
and hips, but genetically inherited features can also influence how your shape
appears.
The skeleton provides support as well as keeping organs secure and in position. The
spine keeps the body upright, and the rib cage has a hollow space in which the organs
can be positioned and protected. The brain is held and protected by the skull, which
also maintains the eyes in place. Our legs and arms aid in body weight movement
and balance.
When the muscles on each bone flex, they pull the bone up or down, causing
movement. This occurs because tendons and ligaments attach each bone to the next,
allowing for movement. Each bone in the body is designed to perform a certain
function in movement. For example, the bones in the hand are flexible, allowing it
to pick up objects and change shapes to aid in the task.
The skeleton protects the important organs by keeping them in position and away
from danger. The brain is protected by the skull, the heart and lungs are protected
by the rib cage, and the spinal cord and nerve system are protected by the spinal
column.

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