PSY-255_Quiz_1 Students.

1. Which statement would be endorsed by a person who studies personality? a. The way we behave is determined entirely by what is going on around us. b. Most of the time we are actually not in control of our own actions. c. Behaviors originate within a person but can be influenced by outside factors. d. We are at the whim of our genetics, and must act as our inheritance determines. 2. Which of the following is correct about the relation between personality and culture? a. Because personality is concerned with the person, personality psychologists are not interested in cultural differences. b. Most studies to date find few if any significant cross-cultural differences in personality phenomena. c. People and their personalities exist within a cultural context. d. Individual differences in personality can be found only in individualistic cultures. 3. Most of the research on personality reported in the textbook is based on studies with people a. from individualistic cultures. b. from collectivist cultures. c. with a strong sense of self. d. who prefer cooperation to competition. 4. A researcher maintains that a person’s self-esteem level is largely inherited from his or her parents. From this, she derives the prediction that children with low self-esteem probably come from homes where one or both parents have low self-esteem. In this case, the formal prediction is the a. theory. b. hypothesis. c. independent variable. d. dependent variable. 5. A psychologist is working with a patient who suffers from a very rare disorder. Which type of research is the psychologist likely to use? a. Laboratory research b. Survey research c. Case study d. Replication 6. A reliable test a. measures what it was designed to measure. b. measures what it measures consistently. c. has good validity. d. measures many different concepts at once. 7. Which of the following is a problem of test validity? a. When test responses are depend on recent events. b. When test questions are vague. c. When test responses do not reflect the hypothetical constructs being measured. d. When similar test responses cannot be obtained in a second testing. 8. Information about where you parked your car or the name of an uncle who you rarely see is probably stored in which part of the mind, according to Freud’s topographic model? a. Conscious b. Preconscious c. Unconscious d. Subconscious 9. As you examine the relationship between the structural and topographic models of Freud’s theory, the ego is found in which part of Freud’s topographic model? a. Conscious b. Preconscious c. Unconscious d. Conscious, preconscious, and unconscious 10. The id, ego, and superego are three parts of the ______ model of personality. a. topographic b. iceberg c. structural d. libido 11. Which statement is true about the superego? a. The superego is present in newborn children. b. The healthiest personality is one in which superego has control over ego and id. c. The actions of the superego are based on the reality principle. d. The superego represents society’s standards and values, most notably those of one’s parents. 12. Freud said the actions of the ego were guided by the need to adhere to the ________ principle. a. pleasure b. ethical c. morality d. reality 13. In Freudian theory, “libido” is a. an unlimited source of psychic energy. b. the death, or aggressive, instinct.