Summary Lehninger of Principles of Biochemistry

7 Carbohydrates
and Glycobiology



© 2021 Macmillan
Learning

, Carbohydrates

• carbohydrates = aldehydes or ketones with at
least two hydroxyl groups, or substances that yield
such compounds on hydrolysis

• many carbohydrates have the empirical formula
(CH2O)n

, Classes of Carbohydrates

• monosaccharides = simple sugars, consist of a single
polyhydroxy aldehyde or ketone unit
– example: D-glucose

• oligosaccharides = short chains of monosaccharide
units, or residues, joined by glycosidic bonds

, Classes of Carbohydrates,
Continued

• disaccharides = oligosaccharides with two
monosaccharide units
– example: sucrose (D-glucose and D-fructose)

• polysaccharides = sugar polymers with 10+
monosaccharide units
– examples: cellulose (linear), glycogen (branched)