Introduction.......................................................................................................................5
1) Timeline....................................................................................................................................5
2) Structure of the Civil Courts......................................................................................................5
3) Judges.......................................................................................................................................5
Unit 1: Pre-Action Matters..................................................................................................6
S1. Civil Courts and the Overriding Objective................................................................................6
1) The Overriding Objective................................................................................................6
2) Court’s Duty to Actively Manage Cases...........................................................................6
3) Allocation - High Court & County Courts.........................................................................7
2) S2. Introduction to ADR............................................................................................................8
1) General Principles of ADR...............................................................................................8
2) Timing the use of ADR..................................................................................................11
2) S3. Limitation..........................................................................................................................13
3. S4. Pre-Action Conduct............................................................................................................16
4. S5. Adjudicative ADR...............................................................................................................20
5. S6. Non-Adjudicative ADR.......................................................................................................23
Unit 2: Bringing and Defending a Claim............................................................................26
1) Commencement......................................................................................................................26
1) Part 7 Procedure...........................................................................................................26
2) Service of Claim Forms..................................................................................................27
3) Service of Documents other than the CF........................................................................30
4) HC and CC Jurisdiction Order 1991................................................................................31
5) Part 8 Procedure...........................................................................................................31
2) Parties.....................................................................................................................................33
1) Partnerships, Sole Traders, LLPs, Companies Trusts and Deceased Persons...................33
2) Children and Persons Suffering from Mental Incapacity................................................34
3) Statements of Case.................................................................................................................36
1) General.........................................................................................................................36
2) Claim Form...................................................................................................................36
3) Particulars of Claim......................................................................................................37
4) Acknowledgement of Service........................................................................................39
5) Defence........................................................................................................................39
,6) Reply to Defence...........................................................................................................41
4) Multiple Parties and Multiple Claims......................................................................................42
1) Dates............................................................................................................................42
2) Adding or Substituting a Party Within the Limitation Period (CPR 19.1-19.4)................42
3) Adding or Substituting a Party After Expiry of the Limitation Period.............................43
4) Additional Claims..........................................................................................................44
5) Amendment............................................................................................................................46
1) Permission or Consent to Amend..................................................................................46
6) Requests for Further Information (RFI)...................................................................................48
Unit 3: Disposing of Cases Without A Trial & Sanctions.....................................................50
1) Default Judgement & Summary Judgement (Part 34)..............................................................50
1) Default Judgement (Part 12).........................................................................................50
2) Applications to Set Aside or Vary Default Judgements..................................................52
3) Summary Judgement – Part 24 CPR..............................................................................53
2) Sanctions, Striking Out, and Discontinuance...........................................................................56
1) Sanctions and Relief from Sanctions.............................................................................56
2) Discontinuance.............................................................................................................57
3) Strike Out.....................................................................................................................57
Unit 4: Case Management................................................................................................60
1) Case Management – Allocation, Case and Costs Management, Directions..............................60
1) Case Management – General........................................................................................60
2) Allocation.....................................................................................................................61
3) Court’s Powers of Case Management...........................................................................63
4) Case Management Conferences (CMC).........................................................................67
5) Costs Management and Costs Management Orders (CMO)...........................................69
2) Disclosure and Inspection of Documents................................................................................71
1) Disclosure and Inspection – Core Principles...................................................................71
2) Specific Disclosure or Inspection (CPR 31.12).................................................................74
3) Disclosure Before Proceedings Start (CPR 31.16)...........................................................75
4) Orders for Third Party Disclosure (CPR 31.17)................................................................75
5) Norwich Pharmacal Jurisdiction....................................................................................76
6) Collateral Use of Documents.........................................................................................76
1
,7) Legal Professional Privilege..........................................................................................77
8) Without Prejudice Communications..............................................................................79
9) LLP and WP in ADR.......................................................................................................79
Unit 5: Interim Applications and Remedies.......................................................................80
1) Interim Applications................................................................................................................80
1) With Notice and without Notice Applications................................................................80
2) Part 23 – Interim Application Procedure.......................................................................81
3) W/o Notice Applications for an Interim Remedy...........................................................82
4) The Duty of Full and Frank Disclosure in w/o Notice Application...................................83
5) Discharge of Injunction for Material Non-Disclosure.....................................................84
6) Procedure for Applying for Interim Injunctions..............................................................84
2) Interim Payments and Security for Costs................................................................................85
2) Interim Payments – by C...............................................................................................85
3) Security for Costs – by D................................................................................................87
3) Interim Injunctions..................................................................................................................88
1) Applying for Interim Injunctions....................................................................................88
2) Interim Declarations.....................................................................................................90
3) American Cyanamid Principles – how the Court should exercise discretion....................90
4) Exceptions and Variations to American Cyanamid........................................................91
5) Cross-Undertaking as to Damages................................................................................91
Unit 6: Settlement.............................................................................................................93
1) Offers to Settle........................................................................................................................93
1) Offers to Settle that are not Part 36 Offers (Calderbank Offers).....................................93
2) Requirements for Part 36 Orders...................................................................................93
3) Duration and Amendment of Part 36 Offers..................................................................94
4) Costs Consequences of Accepting a Part 36 Offer..........................................................94
5) Costs Consequences after Judgement............................................................................96
6) Effect on ‘ADR attempts’...............................................................................................97
2) Negotiation and Joint Settlement...........................................................................................97
1) The Negotiation Process...............................................................................................97
2) Joint Settlement Meetings............................................................................................98
Unit 7: Evidence................................................................................................................99
2
, 1) Evidence of Fact......................................................................................................................99
1) Evidence of Fact and Witness Statements (CPR 32).......................................................99
2) Notices to Admit Facts and Prove Documents.............................................................100
3) Witness Summons......................................................................................................101
4) Depositions.................................................................................................................101
2) Expert Evidence....................................................................................................................102
1) General Exclusionary Rule in Relation to Evidence of Opinion....................................102
2) Expert Opinion Evidence in Civil Proceedings...............................................................102
3) Form/Content of Expert’s Report (PD 35.3).................................................................105
4) Single Joint Expert (PD 35.7) – Parties taking into account all circumstances...............106
Unit 8: Trial, Judgement, & Costs....................................................................................107
1) Civil Trial and Evidence.........................................................................................................107
1) Civil Trial.....................................................................................................................107
2) Adducing Evidence – General Rules.............................................................................107
3) Hearsay (r. 33)............................................................................................................108
4) Plans, Photographs & Models.....................................................................................109
5) Convictions as Evidence in Civil Proceedings (CEA 1968, s11).......................................110
2) Judgements & Orders............................................................................................................110
1) Judgement and Orders of the Court............................................................................110
2) Consent Orders (r.40.6)...............................................................................................112
3) Tomlin Orders.............................................................................................................112
4) Enforcing Money Judgements.....................................................................................113
5) Recording and Enforcement of Settlements following ADR.........................................120
3) Costs.....................................................................................................................................122
1) Court’s Discretion as to Costs – Who Pays? (r.44.2).....................................................122
2) Particular Types of Costs Orders..................................................................................124
3) Costs Budgets.............................................................................................................124
4) Common Interim Orders as to Costs before trial..........................................................124
5) Fees of Counsel...........................................................................................................125
6) Liability to pay for an ADR process..............................................................................125
7) The Standard and Indemnity Bases of Costs................................................................125
8) Procedures for Assessing Costs (Summary and Detailed).............................................126
3
1) Timeline....................................................................................................................................5
2) Structure of the Civil Courts......................................................................................................5
3) Judges.......................................................................................................................................5
Unit 1: Pre-Action Matters..................................................................................................6
S1. Civil Courts and the Overriding Objective................................................................................6
1) The Overriding Objective................................................................................................6
2) Court’s Duty to Actively Manage Cases...........................................................................6
3) Allocation - High Court & County Courts.........................................................................7
2) S2. Introduction to ADR............................................................................................................8
1) General Principles of ADR...............................................................................................8
2) Timing the use of ADR..................................................................................................11
2) S3. Limitation..........................................................................................................................13
3. S4. Pre-Action Conduct............................................................................................................16
4. S5. Adjudicative ADR...............................................................................................................20
5. S6. Non-Adjudicative ADR.......................................................................................................23
Unit 2: Bringing and Defending a Claim............................................................................26
1) Commencement......................................................................................................................26
1) Part 7 Procedure...........................................................................................................26
2) Service of Claim Forms..................................................................................................27
3) Service of Documents other than the CF........................................................................30
4) HC and CC Jurisdiction Order 1991................................................................................31
5) Part 8 Procedure...........................................................................................................31
2) Parties.....................................................................................................................................33
1) Partnerships, Sole Traders, LLPs, Companies Trusts and Deceased Persons...................33
2) Children and Persons Suffering from Mental Incapacity................................................34
3) Statements of Case.................................................................................................................36
1) General.........................................................................................................................36
2) Claim Form...................................................................................................................36
3) Particulars of Claim......................................................................................................37
4) Acknowledgement of Service........................................................................................39
5) Defence........................................................................................................................39
,6) Reply to Defence...........................................................................................................41
4) Multiple Parties and Multiple Claims......................................................................................42
1) Dates............................................................................................................................42
2) Adding or Substituting a Party Within the Limitation Period (CPR 19.1-19.4)................42
3) Adding or Substituting a Party After Expiry of the Limitation Period.............................43
4) Additional Claims..........................................................................................................44
5) Amendment............................................................................................................................46
1) Permission or Consent to Amend..................................................................................46
6) Requests for Further Information (RFI)...................................................................................48
Unit 3: Disposing of Cases Without A Trial & Sanctions.....................................................50
1) Default Judgement & Summary Judgement (Part 34)..............................................................50
1) Default Judgement (Part 12).........................................................................................50
2) Applications to Set Aside or Vary Default Judgements..................................................52
3) Summary Judgement – Part 24 CPR..............................................................................53
2) Sanctions, Striking Out, and Discontinuance...........................................................................56
1) Sanctions and Relief from Sanctions.............................................................................56
2) Discontinuance.............................................................................................................57
3) Strike Out.....................................................................................................................57
Unit 4: Case Management................................................................................................60
1) Case Management – Allocation, Case and Costs Management, Directions..............................60
1) Case Management – General........................................................................................60
2) Allocation.....................................................................................................................61
3) Court’s Powers of Case Management...........................................................................63
4) Case Management Conferences (CMC).........................................................................67
5) Costs Management and Costs Management Orders (CMO)...........................................69
2) Disclosure and Inspection of Documents................................................................................71
1) Disclosure and Inspection – Core Principles...................................................................71
2) Specific Disclosure or Inspection (CPR 31.12).................................................................74
3) Disclosure Before Proceedings Start (CPR 31.16)...........................................................75
4) Orders for Third Party Disclosure (CPR 31.17)................................................................75
5) Norwich Pharmacal Jurisdiction....................................................................................76
6) Collateral Use of Documents.........................................................................................76
1
,7) Legal Professional Privilege..........................................................................................77
8) Without Prejudice Communications..............................................................................79
9) LLP and WP in ADR.......................................................................................................79
Unit 5: Interim Applications and Remedies.......................................................................80
1) Interim Applications................................................................................................................80
1) With Notice and without Notice Applications................................................................80
2) Part 23 – Interim Application Procedure.......................................................................81
3) W/o Notice Applications for an Interim Remedy...........................................................82
4) The Duty of Full and Frank Disclosure in w/o Notice Application...................................83
5) Discharge of Injunction for Material Non-Disclosure.....................................................84
6) Procedure for Applying for Interim Injunctions..............................................................84
2) Interim Payments and Security for Costs................................................................................85
2) Interim Payments – by C...............................................................................................85
3) Security for Costs – by D................................................................................................87
3) Interim Injunctions..................................................................................................................88
1) Applying for Interim Injunctions....................................................................................88
2) Interim Declarations.....................................................................................................90
3) American Cyanamid Principles – how the Court should exercise discretion....................90
4) Exceptions and Variations to American Cyanamid........................................................91
5) Cross-Undertaking as to Damages................................................................................91
Unit 6: Settlement.............................................................................................................93
1) Offers to Settle........................................................................................................................93
1) Offers to Settle that are not Part 36 Offers (Calderbank Offers).....................................93
2) Requirements for Part 36 Orders...................................................................................93
3) Duration and Amendment of Part 36 Offers..................................................................94
4) Costs Consequences of Accepting a Part 36 Offer..........................................................94
5) Costs Consequences after Judgement............................................................................96
6) Effect on ‘ADR attempts’...............................................................................................97
2) Negotiation and Joint Settlement...........................................................................................97
1) The Negotiation Process...............................................................................................97
2) Joint Settlement Meetings............................................................................................98
Unit 7: Evidence................................................................................................................99
2
, 1) Evidence of Fact......................................................................................................................99
1) Evidence of Fact and Witness Statements (CPR 32).......................................................99
2) Notices to Admit Facts and Prove Documents.............................................................100
3) Witness Summons......................................................................................................101
4) Depositions.................................................................................................................101
2) Expert Evidence....................................................................................................................102
1) General Exclusionary Rule in Relation to Evidence of Opinion....................................102
2) Expert Opinion Evidence in Civil Proceedings...............................................................102
3) Form/Content of Expert’s Report (PD 35.3).................................................................105
4) Single Joint Expert (PD 35.7) – Parties taking into account all circumstances...............106
Unit 8: Trial, Judgement, & Costs....................................................................................107
1) Civil Trial and Evidence.........................................................................................................107
1) Civil Trial.....................................................................................................................107
2) Adducing Evidence – General Rules.............................................................................107
3) Hearsay (r. 33)............................................................................................................108
4) Plans, Photographs & Models.....................................................................................109
5) Convictions as Evidence in Civil Proceedings (CEA 1968, s11).......................................110
2) Judgements & Orders............................................................................................................110
1) Judgement and Orders of the Court............................................................................110
2) Consent Orders (r.40.6)...............................................................................................112
3) Tomlin Orders.............................................................................................................112
4) Enforcing Money Judgements.....................................................................................113
5) Recording and Enforcement of Settlements following ADR.........................................120
3) Costs.....................................................................................................................................122
1) Court’s Discretion as to Costs – Who Pays? (r.44.2).....................................................122
2) Particular Types of Costs Orders..................................................................................124
3) Costs Budgets.............................................................................................................124
4) Common Interim Orders as to Costs before trial..........................................................124
5) Fees of Counsel...........................................................................................................125
6) Liability to pay for an ADR process..............................................................................125
7) The Standard and Indemnity Bases of Costs................................................................125
8) Procedures for Assessing Costs (Summary and Detailed).............................................126
3
