BIOS390 – Molecular Diagnostics
Week 1
(TCO 1) The basic principles of genetics contributed by Gregor Johann Mendel are:
1. The principle of segregation
2. The principle of independent assortment
(TCO 1) The Augustinian monk, Gregor Johann Mendel, crossed yellow-seeded and
green-seeded pea plants and then allowed the offspring to self-pollinate to produce
an F2 generation. The results were as follows: 6018 yellow and 2002 green (8020
total). The allele for green seeds has what relationship to the allele for yellow
seeds?
Yellow is dominant over the green seeds, where as green seeds is recessive.
(TCO 1) In 1953, James Watson and Francis Crick proposed
The double helix as a model for the structure of DNA.
Question Set 2
(TCO 1) In 1928, Frederick Griffith discovered that Streptococcus pneumonia
caused pneumonia in mice. In his experiments, mice were injected with different
strains of treated and untreated bacteria. Which of the following is not likely to have
occurred in the series of experiments by Griffith?
Live S bacteria inject into mice -die
Live R bacteria inject into mice-Live (do not have the capsule)
Heat killed S bacteria inject into mice-live
Mixture of live R bacteria and heat killed S bacteria injected into mice-Die
(TCO 1) In 1928, Frederick Griffith injected living S (smooth) Streptococcus
pneumonia into mice, and the mice died. When he injected living R (rough)
Streptococcus pneumonia into mice, the mice lived. When he injected heat-killed S
bacteria into mice, the mice lived. What was the result when he mixed heat-killed S
bacteria with live R bacteria and injected this mixture into mice?
Mixture of live R bacteria and heat killed S bacteria injected into mice – The
mice Die.
Griffith concluded that there was transformation which shows the role of DNA
as a genetic material.
, (TCO 1) In 1944, Oswald Avery, Colin MacLeod, and Maclyn McCarty used an in
vitro agglutination assay to demonstrate that purified DNA was sufficient to cause
transformation of cells, and that the transforming factor could be destroyed by
An enzyme called deoxyribonuclease that degrades DNA.
Question Set 3
(TCO 1) Beadle and Tatum’s “one gene-one enzyme” hypothesis was later revised
to the
“One gene – one polypeptide hypothesis”
(TCO 1) In the 1950s, Hershey and Chase conducted a now-famous experiment to
determine whether DNA or protein carried the hereditary information in
bacteriophage T2. What method did they used to selectively label the DNA and
protein components of bacteriophage T2?
Alfred Hershey and Martha Chase used radioactive sulfur and phosphorous to
trace the fates of protein and DNA, respectively, of T2 phages that infected
bacterial cells. They wanted to see which of these molecules entered the cells
and could reprogram them make more phages.
(TCO 1) The classic experiment performed by Alfred Hershey and Martha Chase
revealed
When the proteins were labeled (batch 1), radioactivity remained outside the
cells; but when the DNA was labeled (batch 2), radioactivity was found inside
the cells. Bacterial cells with radioactive phage DNA released new phages
with some radioactive phosphorus.
The researchers concluded that Phage DNA entered bacterial cells, but phage
proteins did not. Hershey and Chase concluded that DNA, not protein,
functions as the genetic material of phage T2.
The Hershey-Chase experiment was a landmark study because it provided
powerful evidence that nucleic acids, rather than proteins, are the hereditary
material, at least for viruses
Question Set 4
(TCO 2) The phosphodiester linkage between adjacent nucleotides to form a DNA or
RNA chain occurs by a _____ reaction involving the removal of _____ and
pyrophosphate.
Week 1
(TCO 1) The basic principles of genetics contributed by Gregor Johann Mendel are:
1. The principle of segregation
2. The principle of independent assortment
(TCO 1) The Augustinian monk, Gregor Johann Mendel, crossed yellow-seeded and
green-seeded pea plants and then allowed the offspring to self-pollinate to produce
an F2 generation. The results were as follows: 6018 yellow and 2002 green (8020
total). The allele for green seeds has what relationship to the allele for yellow
seeds?
Yellow is dominant over the green seeds, where as green seeds is recessive.
(TCO 1) In 1953, James Watson and Francis Crick proposed
The double helix as a model for the structure of DNA.
Question Set 2
(TCO 1) In 1928, Frederick Griffith discovered that Streptococcus pneumonia
caused pneumonia in mice. In his experiments, mice were injected with different
strains of treated and untreated bacteria. Which of the following is not likely to have
occurred in the series of experiments by Griffith?
Live S bacteria inject into mice -die
Live R bacteria inject into mice-Live (do not have the capsule)
Heat killed S bacteria inject into mice-live
Mixture of live R bacteria and heat killed S bacteria injected into mice-Die
(TCO 1) In 1928, Frederick Griffith injected living S (smooth) Streptococcus
pneumonia into mice, and the mice died. When he injected living R (rough)
Streptococcus pneumonia into mice, the mice lived. When he injected heat-killed S
bacteria into mice, the mice lived. What was the result when he mixed heat-killed S
bacteria with live R bacteria and injected this mixture into mice?
Mixture of live R bacteria and heat killed S bacteria injected into mice – The
mice Die.
Griffith concluded that there was transformation which shows the role of DNA
as a genetic material.
, (TCO 1) In 1944, Oswald Avery, Colin MacLeod, and Maclyn McCarty used an in
vitro agglutination assay to demonstrate that purified DNA was sufficient to cause
transformation of cells, and that the transforming factor could be destroyed by
An enzyme called deoxyribonuclease that degrades DNA.
Question Set 3
(TCO 1) Beadle and Tatum’s “one gene-one enzyme” hypothesis was later revised
to the
“One gene – one polypeptide hypothesis”
(TCO 1) In the 1950s, Hershey and Chase conducted a now-famous experiment to
determine whether DNA or protein carried the hereditary information in
bacteriophage T2. What method did they used to selectively label the DNA and
protein components of bacteriophage T2?
Alfred Hershey and Martha Chase used radioactive sulfur and phosphorous to
trace the fates of protein and DNA, respectively, of T2 phages that infected
bacterial cells. They wanted to see which of these molecules entered the cells
and could reprogram them make more phages.
(TCO 1) The classic experiment performed by Alfred Hershey and Martha Chase
revealed
When the proteins were labeled (batch 1), radioactivity remained outside the
cells; but when the DNA was labeled (batch 2), radioactivity was found inside
the cells. Bacterial cells with radioactive phage DNA released new phages
with some radioactive phosphorus.
The researchers concluded that Phage DNA entered bacterial cells, but phage
proteins did not. Hershey and Chase concluded that DNA, not protein,
functions as the genetic material of phage T2.
The Hershey-Chase experiment was a landmark study because it provided
powerful evidence that nucleic acids, rather than proteins, are the hereditary
material, at least for viruses
Question Set 4
(TCO 2) The phosphodiester linkage between adjacent nucleotides to form a DNA or
RNA chain occurs by a _____ reaction involving the removal of _____ and
pyrophosphate.
