answer key path exam 2

1. Choose the correct proportion of water to body weight to be expected in a healthy male adult’s body: a.30% b.45% c.60% d.70% ANS: C REF: 15 2. Choose the correct proportion of blood (to body weight) in an adult male’s body: a.30% b.20% c.10% d.4% ANS: D REF: 15 3. Insensible fluid loss refers to water lost through: iration only. only. iration and expiration. and feces. ANS: C REF: 15 4. When the osmotic pressure of the blood is elevated above normal, water would shift from the: into the cells. stitial compartment into the cells. stitial compartment into the blood. into the interstitial compartment. ANS: C REF: 16 5. Which of the following would result from a deficit of plasma proteins? a.Increased osmotic pressure b.Decreased osmotic pressure c.Increased hydrostatic pressure d.Decreased hydrostatic pressure ANS: B REF: 16 6. Which of the following would cause edema? a.Decreased capillary hydrostatic pressure b.Increased capillary osmotic pressure c.Decreased capillary permeability d.Increased capillary permeability ANS: D REF: 16-19 7. Which of the following would likely be related to an elevated hematocrit reading? a.Fluid excess b.Fluid deficit c.Increased sodium level d.Decreased erythrocytes ANS: B REF: 23-24 8. Which of the following is a typical sign of dehydration? a.Rapid, strong pulse b.Low hematocrit c.Increased urine output d.Rough oral mucosa ANS: D REF: 21 9. Which of the following terms refers to a combination of decreased circulating blood volume combined with excess fluid in a body cavity? a.Dehydration b.Third-spacing c.Hypovolemia d.Water retention ANS: B REF: 21 10. Which of the following is the primary cation in the extracellular fluid? a.Sodium b.Potassium c.Calcium d.Iron ANS: A REF: 21 11. Which of the following is a common cause of hyponatremia? a.Loss of the thirst mechanism b.Excessive sweating c.Excessive aldosterone secretion d.Prolonged period of rapid, deep respirations ANS: B REF: 22-23 12. Which of the following is a common effect of both hypokalemia and hyperkalemia? a.Skeletal muscle twitch and cramps b.Oliguria c.Elevated serum pH d.Cardiac arrhythmias ANS: D REF: 26 13. Choose the correct effect of increased parathyroid hormone. a.Increased movement of calcium ions into the bones b.Increased activation of vitamin D c.Increased absorption of calcium from the digestive tract d.Decreased reabsorption of calcium in the kidneys ANS: C REF: 26 14. Which of the following results from hypocalcemia? 1. Low serum phosphate levels 2. Nausea and constipation 3. Skeletal muscle twitch and spasms 4. Weak cardiac contractions a.1, 2 b.1, 4 c.2, 3 d.3, 4 ANS: D REF: 27 15. Which of the following causes tetany? a.Increased permeability of nerve membranes due to low serum calcium b . Excess calcium ions in skeletal muscle due to excess parathyroid hormone (PTH) c.Excess calcium ions inside somatic nerves as a result of neoplasms d . Increased stimulation of the nerves in the cerebral cortex ANS: A REF: 27 16. In which of the following processes is phosphate ion NOT a major component? a.Bone metabolism