BTEC Applied Science: Unit 2 Chromotography
Chromatography
The term chromatography can be described as a technique used to separate the
compounds within a mixture (or solutes), determined by the relative proportionsof each
solute distributed between a moving fluid stream, which is called the mobile phase, as
well as a stationary phase which could be potentially contiguous. The stationary phase
might be in the form of a solid or a liquid whereas during the mobile phase that can be
represented in the states of eitherliquid or gas.
How does the process of paper chromatography work?
The method of chromatography happens when either a fluid or gas is passed over a filter
material. While the atoms are being transported through the filter, they are inclined to
scatter. The instrument of division is dependent upon the method utilized to filter the
molecules, this in any case is decided by theassortments of particles. Once the particles
partition over the filtering material; they travel at dissimilar speeds, which comes about
with the atoms unwinding and more often than not, appearing to contain an assorted
coloured line acrossthe filtering material.
One of the key things to keep in mind is that, bigger particles tend to travel more gradually
while smaller atoms travel much quicker. Meaning that the particles drop out of cadence
as they travel at distinctive speeds.
During the course of this assignment, I will be conferring the bunch of methodsof
chromatography; paper chromatography of extracted of plant pigments andthin layer
chromatography (TLC) of extracted plant pigments as well as amino acids.
Paper Chromatography of plants
There are two stages when carrying out paper chromatography: the mobile phase and the
contiguous stationery phase. With the mobile phase is a solvent while the stationary phase
is the paper. The separation occurs when the compound splits, reliant on the various
characteristics of each individual compound. (See https://chemdictionary.org/paper-
chromatography/ )
The stationary phase:
Paper chromatography uses paper which is made up of cellulose, with this beinga
polymer of simple sugar (glucose). Cellulose contains a -OH resulting in the paper being
very polar. In this manner permitting the compounds to make Hydrogen bonds and
interact utilizing Van Der Waals and Dipole-Dipole forces.
Factors affecting paper chromatography
Quality of paper utilized during the practical: There are a variety of papers which are used
when doing paper chromatography, due to this some classes of paper are better suited to
either absorbing or retaining the results of the spot moving upwards, however some paper
makes it more challenging for the solvent dot to progress upwards.
, Type of solvent used: Due to each compound having a different solubility this results in
them all having different effects of separation on the paper chromatography paper.
The viscosity of the paper: If the paper is thicker, it makes it difficult for the solvent dot to
travel upwards.
Concentration of the sample: If the concentration of the spot is very weak, it could make it
more enduring as well as it not being easy to see correctly.
Result of temperature difference: Depending on the temperature given, it could jeopardize
the separation of the compounds making it once again harder to see.
Advantages and Disadvantages of paper chromatography
Advantages Disadvantages
The time taken for the separation processis If a complex mixture is to be
very swift. separated then paper
chromatography isn’t very efficient in
doing so.
The method of setting up the practice isvery Paper chromatography is less
straightforward and quick. accurate in comparison to TLC.
In comparison to other chromatography The results recorded cannot be kept
techniques it is very cost effective. for a long duration of time.
(https://chrominfo.blogspot.com/2018/10/advantages-and-disadvantages-of- paper.html)
Extraction of Plant pigments:
Throughout the duration of me carrying out the practical, I learnt how to effectively extract
the leaf pigments using acetone and sand. The pigment I wasto extract was poaceae.
Apparatus
Eye protection
Pestle and mortar
TLC plates
Chromatography paper
Beaker (100cm3)
Small capillary tube
Pencil
Ruler
Grass (poaceae)
Protective gloves
Fine glass tube
Method
Make a risk assessment
1) Firstly, I will ensure I choose the correct leaf pigment (grass) and add thisto the
pestle and mortar along with a pinch of sand (the purpose of this is
Chromatography
The term chromatography can be described as a technique used to separate the
compounds within a mixture (or solutes), determined by the relative proportionsof each
solute distributed between a moving fluid stream, which is called the mobile phase, as
well as a stationary phase which could be potentially contiguous. The stationary phase
might be in the form of a solid or a liquid whereas during the mobile phase that can be
represented in the states of eitherliquid or gas.
How does the process of paper chromatography work?
The method of chromatography happens when either a fluid or gas is passed over a filter
material. While the atoms are being transported through the filter, they are inclined to
scatter. The instrument of division is dependent upon the method utilized to filter the
molecules, this in any case is decided by theassortments of particles. Once the particles
partition over the filtering material; they travel at dissimilar speeds, which comes about
with the atoms unwinding and more often than not, appearing to contain an assorted
coloured line acrossthe filtering material.
One of the key things to keep in mind is that, bigger particles tend to travel more gradually
while smaller atoms travel much quicker. Meaning that the particles drop out of cadence
as they travel at distinctive speeds.
During the course of this assignment, I will be conferring the bunch of methodsof
chromatography; paper chromatography of extracted of plant pigments andthin layer
chromatography (TLC) of extracted plant pigments as well as amino acids.
Paper Chromatography of plants
There are two stages when carrying out paper chromatography: the mobile phase and the
contiguous stationery phase. With the mobile phase is a solvent while the stationary phase
is the paper. The separation occurs when the compound splits, reliant on the various
characteristics of each individual compound. (See https://chemdictionary.org/paper-
chromatography/ )
The stationary phase:
Paper chromatography uses paper which is made up of cellulose, with this beinga
polymer of simple sugar (glucose). Cellulose contains a -OH resulting in the paper being
very polar. In this manner permitting the compounds to make Hydrogen bonds and
interact utilizing Van Der Waals and Dipole-Dipole forces.
Factors affecting paper chromatography
Quality of paper utilized during the practical: There are a variety of papers which are used
when doing paper chromatography, due to this some classes of paper are better suited to
either absorbing or retaining the results of the spot moving upwards, however some paper
makes it more challenging for the solvent dot to progress upwards.
, Type of solvent used: Due to each compound having a different solubility this results in
them all having different effects of separation on the paper chromatography paper.
The viscosity of the paper: If the paper is thicker, it makes it difficult for the solvent dot to
travel upwards.
Concentration of the sample: If the concentration of the spot is very weak, it could make it
more enduring as well as it not being easy to see correctly.
Result of temperature difference: Depending on the temperature given, it could jeopardize
the separation of the compounds making it once again harder to see.
Advantages and Disadvantages of paper chromatography
Advantages Disadvantages
The time taken for the separation processis If a complex mixture is to be
very swift. separated then paper
chromatography isn’t very efficient in
doing so.
The method of setting up the practice isvery Paper chromatography is less
straightforward and quick. accurate in comparison to TLC.
In comparison to other chromatography The results recorded cannot be kept
techniques it is very cost effective. for a long duration of time.
(https://chrominfo.blogspot.com/2018/10/advantages-and-disadvantages-of- paper.html)
Extraction of Plant pigments:
Throughout the duration of me carrying out the practical, I learnt how to effectively extract
the leaf pigments using acetone and sand. The pigment I wasto extract was poaceae.
Apparatus
Eye protection
Pestle and mortar
TLC plates
Chromatography paper
Beaker (100cm3)
Small capillary tube
Pencil
Ruler
Grass (poaceae)
Protective gloves
Fine glass tube
Method
Make a risk assessment
1) Firstly, I will ensure I choose the correct leaf pigment (grass) and add thisto the
pestle and mortar along with a pinch of sand (the purpose of this is
