Exam 2 Review-finished compleat solution

EXAM 2 REVIEW/KEY CONCEPTS 1 1) Child with allergic rhinitis ○ patho: exposure to sensitizing agent, body initiates inflammatory response releasing histamines and leukotriene. Blood vessels of nasal mucosa vasodilate causing increase permeability to affected area ○ causes swelling and nasal congestion ○ exhibit a triad of signs: i) the allergic shiner-a darkening of the lower eyelid because of suborbital edema) ii) the allergic crease-a transverse line above the tip and below the bridge of the nose iii) the allergic salute (frequent wiping of the nose with the palm of the hand) Other signs commonly present are a nasal quality to the voice, constant coughing from a postnasal drip, chapped lips, and a dry mouth from mouth breathing. ○ Can be infectious or non-infectious: Infectious = common cold. Non = allergic (seasonal) and nonallergic (pregnancy, inhaled drugs, humidity) 2) Anti-histamine that doesn’t cause drowsiness ○ Allegra (can be in the form of nasal spray or saline spray) ○ (1st gen = benedryl, 2nd gen = allegra – no drowsiness, fatigue, or dry mouth) Side effects: anticholinergic effects (dry mouth, constipation), GI discomfort (N/V, constipation), Acute toxicity (flushed face, high fever, tachycardia, dry mouth, urinary retention, pupil dilation), excitation, hallucinations, incoordination, and seizures *SEDATION EFFECT* ○ -Use with caution with clients with asthma, urinary retention, open-angle glaucoma, hypertension, and BPH ○ -can cause respiratory depression ○ -Do not give to clients with cardiac dysrhythmias, hepatic disease, and MAOI therapies 3) Teaching for client w/allergic rhinitis ○ keep windows closed* ○ run air conditioning* ○ remove carpeting to reduce pollen and humidity. * ○ remove pets if possible, If unable to remove pet, keep it out of the bedroom* ○ do not use feather pillows, and put pillows in zippered, dust proof encasings, Replace feather or down-filled covers and pillows with synthetic items* ○ wash linen in hot water* ○ POLLENS i) • Avoid freshly cut grass; do not mow the lawn. • Keep windows and doors closed during allergy season. • Shower after outdoor activities to remove pollen from clothing and skin.