NURS 355 Final Exam / NURS355 Exam final solution guide_Answered.

NURS 355 Final Exam / NURS355 Exam final solution guide_Answered.-A nurse is assessing a set of 15-year-old identical twins who respond very differently to stress. One twin becomes anxious and irritable, and the other withdraws and cries. How should the nurse explain these different stress responses to the parents a. Reactions to stress are relative rather than absolute; individual responses to stress vary. b. It is abnormal for identical twins to react differently to similar stressors. c. Identical twins should share the same temperament and respond similarly to stress. d. Environmental influences to stress weigh more heavily than genetic influences. - a. Reactions to stress are relative rather than absolute; individual responses to stress vary The nurse should explain to the parents that, although the twins have identical DNA, there are several other factors that affect reactions to stress. Mental health is a state of being that is relative to the individual client. Environmental influences and temperament can affect stress reactions. A fourth-grade boy teases and makes jokes about a cute girl in his class. This behavior should be identified by a nurse as indicative of which defense mechanism? a. Displacement b. Projection c. Reaction formation d. Sublimation - c. Reaction formation The nurse should identify that the boy is using reaction formation as a defense mechanism. Reaction formation is the attempt to prevent undesirable thoughts from being expressed by expressing opposite thoughts or behaviors. Displacement refers to transferring feelings from one target to another. Rationalization refers to making excuses to justify behavior. Projection refers to the attribution of unacceptable feelings or behaviors to another person. Sublimation refers to channeling unacceptable drives or impulses into more constructive, acceptable activities. Which nursing statement about the concept of neurosis is most accurate? a. An individual experiencing neurosis is unaware that he or she is experiencing distress. b. An individual experiencing neurosis feels helpless to change his or her situation. c. An individual neurosis is aware of psychological causes of his or her behavior. d. An individual experiencing neurosis has a loss of contact with reality. - b. An individual experiencing neurosis feels helpless to change his or her situation. The nurse should define the concept of neurosis with the following characteristics: The client feels helpless to change his or her situation, the client is aware that he or she is experiencing distress, the client is aware the behaviors are maladaptive, the client is unaware of the psychological causes of the distress, and the client experiences no loss of contact with reality. How would a nurse best complete the new DSM-5 definition of a mental disorder? "A health condition characterized by significant dysfunction in an individual's cognitions, or behaviors that reflects a disturbance in the: a. psychosoical, biological, or developmental process underlying mental functioning." b. psychological, cognitive, or developmental process underlying mental functioning." c. psychological, biological, or developmental process underlying mental functioning." d. psychological, biological, or psychosocial process underlying mental functioning." - c. psychological, biological, or developmental process underlying mental functioning." "A health condition characterized by significant dysfunction in an individual's cognitions, or behaviors that reflects a disturbance in the psychological, biological, or developmental process underlying mental functioning", is the new DSM-5 definition of a mental disorder. A 9-month-old child screams every time his mother leaves and will not tolerate anyone else changing his diaper. The nurse should determine that, according to Mahler's developmental theory, this child's development was arrested at which phase? a. The autistic phase b. The symbiotic phase c. The separation-individuation phase d. The rapprochement phase - b. The symbiotic phase The nurse should understand that this client's development was halted in the symbiotic phase of Mahler's developmental theory, which usually occurs between 1 and 5 months of age. The child has not entered into the separation-individuation phase of development, in which a child establishes the understanding of being separate from the mother. When assessing clients, a psychiatric nurse should understand that psychoanalytic theory is based on which underlying concept? a. A possible genetic basis for the client's problems b. The structure and dynamics of the personality c.