Ch01
Student: ___________________________________________________________________________
1. The word "environment" comes from a French word that means having to do with
A. Life
B. Nature
C. Wildlife
D. Home
E. Surroundings
2. Environmental science is a __________.
A. Narrowly defined set of physical, life and social sciences
B. Theoretical approach in interpreting the environment
C. Way to see the world in scientific terms
D. Systematic approach in learning about the environment
E. Special set of problem-solving skills
3. Most environmental problems result from
A. Political differences
B. Complex, interrelated problems
C. Technological development problems
D. Global warming
E. Urban degradation
4. The word "environment" as used in environmental science does not include
A. Our culture
B. The biosphere
C. Our political system
D. Solutions to problems
E. "Environment" includes all of these
5. The fundamental basis of environmental science as a discipline is the
A. History of the use of natural resources
B. Diversity of life on Earth
C. Human impact on the Earth
D. Pollution on the Earth
E. Future use of natural resources
6. In explaining your choice of an environmental science major in college to your roommate, you would
probably emphasize the fact that environmental science is a(n)
A. Applied interdisciplinary field with an emphasis on solving problems
B. Well-established field that has been in existence for a long time
C. Theoretical discipline that will help solve the problems created by human impact
D. Relatively new field that will identify remedies to environmental issues
E. Theoretical field with an emphasis on scientific understanding
7. One major difference affecting the scope of environmental issues of the past and present is the
A. Current ability to alter the natural world through technology
B. Relatively new emergence of environmentalists
C. Historical ignorance of the interconnected nature of environmental issues
D. Development of new fields such as environmental science
E. Extremely fast transmission of information through the Internet
,8. In the fourth century B.C., the philosopher Plato wrote of the erosion and deforestation that _________
Greece.
A. Would one day plague
B. Were caused by the excessive population in
C. Were prevalent in countries outside of
D. Had been a problem that was now resolved in
E. Had stripped the fine soils and forests of
9. Most of the early scientific studies of environmental damage were done by
A. Colonial administrators who were often trained scientists
B. Native Peoples of North America
C. European peasant farmers who understood the connection between deforestation and local climate
change
D. Industrial leaders of the nineteenth century who were worried about the degradation caused by
factories
E. Scientists in Europe worried about deforestation and erosion in their countries
10. The history of conservation and environmentalism is
A. Based in the Industrial Revolution
B. Largely unrecorded
C. A relatively new movement
D. Based in the 1970s environmental movement
E. Traceable well back into human history
11. Mauritius, an island in the Indian Ocean is a model for balancing nature and human needs because in the
eighteenth century a French governor
A. Declared the island a nature sanctuary
B. Ordered sensitive areas such as steep slopes to be preserved in forests
C. Bought the island as a private sanctuary for the government of France
D. Supported an extensive environmental education campaign
E. Enforced strict punishment for people who damaged any natural resources
12. Pragmatic conservationists, including Gifford Pinchot and Theodore Roosevelt, supported forest
conservation in order to protect
A. Wildlife habitats in forested areas
B. Untouched, unvisited wilderness areas
C. Jobs and homes for people
D. The scenic beauty found in natural areas
E. Resources such as natural habitats for future generations
13. Utilitarian conservationists tend to believe that resources should be saved because they are important
A. As a home for wildlife
B. In the conservation of aesthetic values
C. To our understanding of the biosphere
D. For a strong economic system
E. And used by all living things
14. The approach that reflects the philosophy that there is waste in neglecting the development and use of
certain natural resources (such as dead trees in old growth forests) would best be described as
A. Moral and aesthetic preservation
B. Global environmental citizenship
C. Pragmatic utilitarian conservation
D. A cornucopian worldview
,15. Biocentric preservationists, first led by John Muir, advocate saving natural areas for their
A. Aesthetic and spiritual values and wildlife habitat
B. Hunting and fishing value
C. Wood and mineral resources for the future
D. Tourism and recreation potential
E. Economic value in cleaning the air and preventing soil erosion
16. Biocentric preservation is a philosophy that supports the belief that
A. The biosphere is a central resource for humans
B. Humans must manage resources for maximum productivity
C. Preservation of wildlife is needed for human survival
D. All living things have a fundamental right to exist and pursue their own interests
E. All living things have value for humans
17. The National Park Service reflects a ________ approach while the Forest Service reflects a ________
approach.
A. Biocentric preservationist; pragmatic utilitarian conservationist
B. Global environmentalist; cornucopian
C. Pragmatic resource conservationist; moral and aesthetic preservationist
D. Cornucopian; global environmentalist
E. Pragmatic utilitarian conservation; biocentric preservation
18. Pollution problems
A. Are relatively new concerns
B. Identify the era of global environmentalism
C. Were recognized at least as early as the eleventh century
D. Are the main issues for technological optimists
E. Were the main issues of the 1960s and 1970s
19. Environmentalism stemming from the publication of Rachel Carson's Silent Spring differed from earlier
North American conservation perspectives by
A. Focusing on human population growth
B. Placing more emphasis on pollution problems
C. Emphasizing international problems
D. Encouraging energy efficiency
E. Emphasizing the value of natural resources
20. Modern environmentalism, in part led by David Brower and Barry Commoner is becoming well
established in the United States. One of the main reasons for this is probably the ___________ in the
modern movement.
A. Emphasis on technological remedies
B. Interconnected nature of our global village
C. Combination of activism and research
D. Emphasis on impending doom
E. Greatly expanded international communications
21. At the end of the twentieth century, ____________________ has/have been added to environmental
thinking.
A. Global concerns
B. Urban problems
C. Water supply and pollution problems
D. Human population growth
E. Air pollution problems
, 22. Some of today's leading environmental thinkers, such as Dr. Wangari Maathai of Kenya
A. Have denounced the use of technology
B. Have shown that a slight decrease in human welfare must accompany environmental protection
C. Have focused only on local environmental issues
D. Are linking improved environmental quality with social progress
E. Treat humans as an entity separate from the environment in which they live
23. The world's population is now more than
A. 60 million
B. 2 billion
C. 6 billion
D. 60 billion
E. 20 million
24. Supplies of fossil fuels are
A. Continually expanding in nature
B. Being renewed as fast as we use them
C. Being steadily depleted
D. Almost entirely depleted
E. Easily found through better technology
25. Which of the following factors is least likely to lead to violent conflicts?
A. Racial antagonisms
B. Access to water
C. Natural resource degradation
D. Religious conflicts
E. All of these are factors that can lead to violent conflicts
26. According to the UN Environment Programme how many species have gone extinct in the past century?
A. Almost 100
B. Over 250
C. 563
D. More than 800
E. Nearly 1700
27. Nobel laureate Paul Crutzen estimates that at least 3 million people die each year from diseases triggered
by
A. Water pollution
B. Air pollution
C. Exposure to radiation
D. Cigarette smoking
E. Mosquito-borne illnesses
28. Evidence of progress in dealing with population problems is best illustrated by
A. Current evidence of a stable population in the developing and developed world
B. A decrease in the average number of children born to each woman
C. Current evidence of a globally stable population growth
D. The decreasing population growth rate in the United States
E. Current evidence of a stable population in the developing world
29. If everybody in the world used resources at the rate that people in the United States do,
A. People would be healthier and happier worldwide
B. Our current resources would run out quickly
C. Violent conflicts would decrease because basic needs would be met
D. Economies would prosper
E. More people would experience health problems because people in more prosperous countries
experience more stress
Student: ___________________________________________________________________________
1. The word "environment" comes from a French word that means having to do with
A. Life
B. Nature
C. Wildlife
D. Home
E. Surroundings
2. Environmental science is a __________.
A. Narrowly defined set of physical, life and social sciences
B. Theoretical approach in interpreting the environment
C. Way to see the world in scientific terms
D. Systematic approach in learning about the environment
E. Special set of problem-solving skills
3. Most environmental problems result from
A. Political differences
B. Complex, interrelated problems
C. Technological development problems
D. Global warming
E. Urban degradation
4. The word "environment" as used in environmental science does not include
A. Our culture
B. The biosphere
C. Our political system
D. Solutions to problems
E. "Environment" includes all of these
5. The fundamental basis of environmental science as a discipline is the
A. History of the use of natural resources
B. Diversity of life on Earth
C. Human impact on the Earth
D. Pollution on the Earth
E. Future use of natural resources
6. In explaining your choice of an environmental science major in college to your roommate, you would
probably emphasize the fact that environmental science is a(n)
A. Applied interdisciplinary field with an emphasis on solving problems
B. Well-established field that has been in existence for a long time
C. Theoretical discipline that will help solve the problems created by human impact
D. Relatively new field that will identify remedies to environmental issues
E. Theoretical field with an emphasis on scientific understanding
7. One major difference affecting the scope of environmental issues of the past and present is the
A. Current ability to alter the natural world through technology
B. Relatively new emergence of environmentalists
C. Historical ignorance of the interconnected nature of environmental issues
D. Development of new fields such as environmental science
E. Extremely fast transmission of information through the Internet
,8. In the fourth century B.C., the philosopher Plato wrote of the erosion and deforestation that _________
Greece.
A. Would one day plague
B. Were caused by the excessive population in
C. Were prevalent in countries outside of
D. Had been a problem that was now resolved in
E. Had stripped the fine soils and forests of
9. Most of the early scientific studies of environmental damage were done by
A. Colonial administrators who were often trained scientists
B. Native Peoples of North America
C. European peasant farmers who understood the connection between deforestation and local climate
change
D. Industrial leaders of the nineteenth century who were worried about the degradation caused by
factories
E. Scientists in Europe worried about deforestation and erosion in their countries
10. The history of conservation and environmentalism is
A. Based in the Industrial Revolution
B. Largely unrecorded
C. A relatively new movement
D. Based in the 1970s environmental movement
E. Traceable well back into human history
11. Mauritius, an island in the Indian Ocean is a model for balancing nature and human needs because in the
eighteenth century a French governor
A. Declared the island a nature sanctuary
B. Ordered sensitive areas such as steep slopes to be preserved in forests
C. Bought the island as a private sanctuary for the government of France
D. Supported an extensive environmental education campaign
E. Enforced strict punishment for people who damaged any natural resources
12. Pragmatic conservationists, including Gifford Pinchot and Theodore Roosevelt, supported forest
conservation in order to protect
A. Wildlife habitats in forested areas
B. Untouched, unvisited wilderness areas
C. Jobs and homes for people
D. The scenic beauty found in natural areas
E. Resources such as natural habitats for future generations
13. Utilitarian conservationists tend to believe that resources should be saved because they are important
A. As a home for wildlife
B. In the conservation of aesthetic values
C. To our understanding of the biosphere
D. For a strong economic system
E. And used by all living things
14. The approach that reflects the philosophy that there is waste in neglecting the development and use of
certain natural resources (such as dead trees in old growth forests) would best be described as
A. Moral and aesthetic preservation
B. Global environmental citizenship
C. Pragmatic utilitarian conservation
D. A cornucopian worldview
,15. Biocentric preservationists, first led by John Muir, advocate saving natural areas for their
A. Aesthetic and spiritual values and wildlife habitat
B. Hunting and fishing value
C. Wood and mineral resources for the future
D. Tourism and recreation potential
E. Economic value in cleaning the air and preventing soil erosion
16. Biocentric preservation is a philosophy that supports the belief that
A. The biosphere is a central resource for humans
B. Humans must manage resources for maximum productivity
C. Preservation of wildlife is needed for human survival
D. All living things have a fundamental right to exist and pursue their own interests
E. All living things have value for humans
17. The National Park Service reflects a ________ approach while the Forest Service reflects a ________
approach.
A. Biocentric preservationist; pragmatic utilitarian conservationist
B. Global environmentalist; cornucopian
C. Pragmatic resource conservationist; moral and aesthetic preservationist
D. Cornucopian; global environmentalist
E. Pragmatic utilitarian conservation; biocentric preservation
18. Pollution problems
A. Are relatively new concerns
B. Identify the era of global environmentalism
C. Were recognized at least as early as the eleventh century
D. Are the main issues for technological optimists
E. Were the main issues of the 1960s and 1970s
19. Environmentalism stemming from the publication of Rachel Carson's Silent Spring differed from earlier
North American conservation perspectives by
A. Focusing on human population growth
B. Placing more emphasis on pollution problems
C. Emphasizing international problems
D. Encouraging energy efficiency
E. Emphasizing the value of natural resources
20. Modern environmentalism, in part led by David Brower and Barry Commoner is becoming well
established in the United States. One of the main reasons for this is probably the ___________ in the
modern movement.
A. Emphasis on technological remedies
B. Interconnected nature of our global village
C. Combination of activism and research
D. Emphasis on impending doom
E. Greatly expanded international communications
21. At the end of the twentieth century, ____________________ has/have been added to environmental
thinking.
A. Global concerns
B. Urban problems
C. Water supply and pollution problems
D. Human population growth
E. Air pollution problems
, 22. Some of today's leading environmental thinkers, such as Dr. Wangari Maathai of Kenya
A. Have denounced the use of technology
B. Have shown that a slight decrease in human welfare must accompany environmental protection
C. Have focused only on local environmental issues
D. Are linking improved environmental quality with social progress
E. Treat humans as an entity separate from the environment in which they live
23. The world's population is now more than
A. 60 million
B. 2 billion
C. 6 billion
D. 60 billion
E. 20 million
24. Supplies of fossil fuels are
A. Continually expanding in nature
B. Being renewed as fast as we use them
C. Being steadily depleted
D. Almost entirely depleted
E. Easily found through better technology
25. Which of the following factors is least likely to lead to violent conflicts?
A. Racial antagonisms
B. Access to water
C. Natural resource degradation
D. Religious conflicts
E. All of these are factors that can lead to violent conflicts
26. According to the UN Environment Programme how many species have gone extinct in the past century?
A. Almost 100
B. Over 250
C. 563
D. More than 800
E. Nearly 1700
27. Nobel laureate Paul Crutzen estimates that at least 3 million people die each year from diseases triggered
by
A. Water pollution
B. Air pollution
C. Exposure to radiation
D. Cigarette smoking
E. Mosquito-borne illnesses
28. Evidence of progress in dealing with population problems is best illustrated by
A. Current evidence of a stable population in the developing and developed world
B. A decrease in the average number of children born to each woman
C. Current evidence of a globally stable population growth
D. The decreasing population growth rate in the United States
E. Current evidence of a stable population in the developing world
29. If everybody in the world used resources at the rate that people in the United States do,
A. People would be healthier and happier worldwide
B. Our current resources would run out quickly
C. Violent conflicts would decrease because basic needs would be met
D. Economies would prosper
E. More people would experience health problems because people in more prosperous countries
experience more stress
