AMU ERSC181 Week 8 Final Exam Fall 2021 Attempt Score: 98 / 100 – 98%

American Military University ERSC181 I005 ERSC181 Week 8 Final Exam Attempt Score: 98 / 100 – 98% What evidence did Alfred Wegener use for his hypothesis of continental drift? Question options: patterns on either side of the mid-oceanic ridge d fossils on distant continents ges and the age marine rocks bduction zones erns and GPS measurements Where do we generally find the most quantity of explosive volcanic eruptions? Question options: boundary tspots boundary boundary ges The Precambrian Era is the time before abundant multicellular life with hard parts evolved. This time interval represents what percentage of earth's history? Question options:Applying the principles of relative age-dating to the diagram, which of the following is TRUE. Explanation of the diagram: "A" represents an unconformity (erosional surface), "B" is a basaltic dike, "C" is a shale formation, "D" is a sandstone formation, "E" is a limestone formation, "F" represents a thrust fault. Question options: han C an A B han CF Where is the top of the asthenosphere closest to the earth's surface? Question options: ansform fault ollision zone ction zone id-ocean ridge continental plates (craton) The map below shows continental land as green and brown, the depth of the ocean floor in blue, and tectonic plate boundaries as colored lines. Evaluate this geologic evidence to determine which location would most likely require adequate tsunami preparedness. Question options:Shield volcanoes consist of _________. Question options: s of silica-rich rocks and intrusive igneous rocks such as basalt. s of cinders and ash embedded in silica-rich lava flows. f granitic lava and pyroclastic material with some rhyolite. sity basalt flows with a lower silica content. astic material and low viscosity lava flows. Pyroclastic flows are more associated with __________. Question options: In the rock cycle, what processes directly link igneous rocks to metamorphic rocks? Question options:lithification d cementation d erosion n by high heat and pressure ystallization Refer to the image of a meandering stream shown here. At which site along the stream would stream erosion be the most active? Question options: What information is needed to determine the distance from the epicenter of an earthquake to a seismic receiving station? Question options:al between the P and S waves of the earthquake of the seismic waves on a seismogram between the amplitude of the seismic waves nature of the s-wave When the radiometric clock starts ticking in zircon minerals, there is only 100% of the unstable radiometric parent isotope X and 0% of the stable daughter isotope Y. After testing in a lab millions of years later, there is 25% of the parent radiometric isotope and 75% of the daughter isotope. How many half lives have elapsed? Question options: The primary basis for classifying detrital (clastic) rocks is _______, whereas the primary basis for classifying chemical rocks is ________. Question options: trace elements cture ; sorting mineral composition y ndingFolds like anticlines and synclines are most associated with _______. Question options: ion ession Which of the following is the most significant natural cause of climate change in the last 2 million years? Question options: ycles il fuels ons Which type of faulting is most dangerous in Utah? Question options:James Hutton's statement that "the present is the key to the past" (uniformitarianism) is demonstrated by ________. Question options: the fact that our human ancestors hunted dinosaurs for millennia ancient sedimentary rocks formed by similar processes as are observed today the volcano that erupted last year on August 15 will occur every 10 years on that date the Earth's landscapes are fixed and have not changed gravity being a recent phenomenon and not changing metamorphic rocks in the past View Feedback 2 / 2 points In terms of groundwater resources, what properties make the best aquifer? Question options: nd high permeability nd no permeability nd low permeability nd low permeability nd high permeability A coarse-grained (phaneritic texture) igneous rock formed _________________. Question options: of the earth in an explosive eruptionfrost wedging, and weathering e surface of the earth of the earth in a quiet (effusive) eruption rect pressure and heat The number one factor causing landslides is (are) _____. Question options: cles ons Which of the following surficial processes results in the most poorly sorted sediments? Question options: Where would you expect both shallow and deep earthquakes in which the deeper earthquakes are located farther inland?Question options: plate boundary in the middle of a continental plate such as Africa's Great Rift Valley. boundary along the San Andreas fault in California. plate boundary anywhere in the world. plate boundary in the middle of the Atlantic Ocean. t plate boundary such as along the west coast of South America. In the scientific method, a hypothesis is _______, and a theory is _________. Question options: an educated guess ; a tentative untested explanation an educated guess ; a law that has been universally accepted by the scientific community a tentative untested explanation ; well tested and widely accepted explanation a tentative untested explanation ; a law that has been universally accepted by the scientific community an objective observation ; an idea that hasn't been proven View Feedback 2 / 2 points Which best explains the processes at the mid-oceanic ridge? Question options: destroying old crust creating new crust t each other destroying old crust e destroying old crust e creating new crustWhen going from a magnitude 5 to a magnitude 6 earthquake on the Richter magnitude scale, what is the increase in seismic wave amplitude? Question options: Scientific conclusions are based on _____________. Question options: only quantitative data public consensus objective evidence and experiments subjective evidence and ancient books polling of experts View Feedback 2 / 2 points At subduction zones, magma is generated by _________________, while most other environments (e.g. hot spots, divergent) produce magma by __________________. Question options: melting ; adding volatileselting ; decompression melting s ; decompression melting melting ; adding volatiles s ; compression melting Which is always the next step in the rock cycle after cooling magma? Question options: ure Which environment would typically have the highest rate of weathering (both chemical and mechanical) and erosion? Question options: What do all minerals have in common?Question options: magma e gernail Lahars are formed when which two factors are combined? Question options: l As a subduction zone closes, destroys, and puts an end to an ocean basin, which plate tectonic boundary is likely to develop at the location of a former subduction zone? Question options: lision eWhich step in the rock cycle always has to be directly before sedimentary rocks in order for them to form? Question options: ure Which plate boundary is known for frequent earthquakes, but little mountain building and almost no volcanism? Question options: What is the source of magma for hot spots? Question options: deep in the mantle hin the outer core osphereal entirely within the crust the asthenosphere As a continental rift continues to open wider and wider, which plate tectonic boundary is likely to develop at that location? Question options: e e lision If you plot global earthquake and volcano locations on a map, what would be the most obvious thing you would notice? Question options: concentrated around the equator concentrated in the summer time randomly distributed tline plate tectonic boundaries concentrated around the poles Metamorphic rocks are formed by ___________. Question options: d erosionure ystallization l d cementation Mafic minerals, as a group, are known for what property? Question options: e Which combination of factors produces steep-sided, explosive volcanism and the most dangerous volcanic hazards? Volatiles=dissolved gases like water, carbon dioxide Question options: nd high volatiles nd high volatiles nd low volatiles nd low volatiles ity and medium volatiles Which fossil fuel is typically composed of higher alkanes such as methane?Question options: Open pit and strip mining are both examples of ________. Question options: ing. If an energy is able to replenish itself on a human time scale, it is considered ________. Question options: . Metallic minerals are ________ resources. Question options:e and nonrenewable Magnetite, native gold and platinum, diamonds, and other high-density minerals can sometimes be found in _________ deposits. Question options: What marks the beginning of the Proterozoic? Question options: air of Rodinia h on Which of the following is NOT a possible source of Earth's water? Question options:What was the definitive event that killed the dinosaurs? Question options: rs in Gondwana ons in India act in Mexico evel worldwide What important evolutionary advance did NOT occur in the Paleozoic? Question options: Which of the following is a hypothesis for the formation of life on Earth? Question options: Atmospheric processes around seawater Atmospheric processes around lightning Brought to Earth from Mars Evaporation around seawaterAtmospheric processes around volcanoes