Advanced Pathophysiology week 4 midterm 2021 (Real exam)
Question 1
pts
Cells in _____ may act as a reservoir in which HIV can be relatively protected from antiviral drugs.
the lungs
Correct!
the central nervous system
the thymus gland
bone marrow
HIV may persist in regions where the antiviral drugs are not as effective, such as the
CNS.
Question 2
pts
What is the role of reverse transcriptase in HIV infection?
It transports the RNA into the cell
nucleus.
It converts single DNA into double-stranded DNA.
It is needed to produce
integrase.
Correct!
It converts RNA into double-stranded DNA.
One particular family of viruses, retroviruses (e.g., HIV) carries an enzyme reverse
transcriptase that creates a double-stranded DNA version of the virus.
Question 3
pts After sexual transmission of HIV, a person can be infected yet seronegative for
_____ months. Correct!
6 to 14
18 to 20
1 to 2
24 to 36
Antibody appears rather rapidly after infection through blood products, usually within 4
to 7 weeks. After sexual transmission, however, the individual can be infected yet
seronegative for 6 to 14 months or, in at least one case, for years.
, Question 4
pts
What of the following remains a significant cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide?
Starvation
Cardiovascular disease
Correct!
Infectious disease
Traumatic injury
Despite the wide scale implementation of progressive public health and immunization
policies, infectious disease remains a significant cause of morbidity and mortality.
Question 5
pts
Which statement about vaccines is true?
Most bacterial vaccines contain attenuated organisms.
Vaccines provide effective protection for all people against viruses, bacteria, and fungal infections.
Most viral vaccines are made by using dead organisms. Correct!
Vaccines require booster injections to maintain lifelong
protection.
In general, vaccine-induced protection does not persist as long as infection-induced
immunity, thus booster injections may be necessary to maintain protection
throughout life.
Question 6
pts
Which statement is true about fungal infections?
They result in release of
endotoxins.
They occur only on skin, hair, and
nails.
Correct!
They are controlled by phagocytes and T lymphocytes.
They are prevented by vaccines.
The host defense against fungal infection includes the fungistatic properties of
neutrophils and macrophages. T lymphocytes are crucial in limiting the extent of
infection and producing cytokines to further activate macrophages.
Question 1
pts
Cells in _____ may act as a reservoir in which HIV can be relatively protected from antiviral drugs.
the lungs
Correct!
the central nervous system
the thymus gland
bone marrow
HIV may persist in regions where the antiviral drugs are not as effective, such as the
CNS.
Question 2
pts
What is the role of reverse transcriptase in HIV infection?
It transports the RNA into the cell
nucleus.
It converts single DNA into double-stranded DNA.
It is needed to produce
integrase.
Correct!
It converts RNA into double-stranded DNA.
One particular family of viruses, retroviruses (e.g., HIV) carries an enzyme reverse
transcriptase that creates a double-stranded DNA version of the virus.
Question 3
pts After sexual transmission of HIV, a person can be infected yet seronegative for
_____ months. Correct!
6 to 14
18 to 20
1 to 2
24 to 36
Antibody appears rather rapidly after infection through blood products, usually within 4
to 7 weeks. After sexual transmission, however, the individual can be infected yet
seronegative for 6 to 14 months or, in at least one case, for years.
, Question 4
pts
What of the following remains a significant cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide?
Starvation
Cardiovascular disease
Correct!
Infectious disease
Traumatic injury
Despite the wide scale implementation of progressive public health and immunization
policies, infectious disease remains a significant cause of morbidity and mortality.
Question 5
pts
Which statement about vaccines is true?
Most bacterial vaccines contain attenuated organisms.
Vaccines provide effective protection for all people against viruses, bacteria, and fungal infections.
Most viral vaccines are made by using dead organisms. Correct!
Vaccines require booster injections to maintain lifelong
protection.
In general, vaccine-induced protection does not persist as long as infection-induced
immunity, thus booster injections may be necessary to maintain protection
throughout life.
Question 6
pts
Which statement is true about fungal infections?
They result in release of
endotoxins.
They occur only on skin, hair, and
nails.
Correct!
They are controlled by phagocytes and T lymphocytes.
They are prevented by vaccines.
The host defense against fungal infection includes the fungistatic properties of
neutrophils and macrophages. T lymphocytes are crucial in limiting the extent of
infection and producing cytokines to further activate macrophages.
