BIOS 256 AP 4 Lecture Notes

BIOS 256 AP 4 Lecture Notes. The Digestive System part two Basic GI Functions  Primary function: movement of nutrient molecules from the external environment to the internal environment. (Absorption of nutrients) Food-Digestion-motility and absorption Pancreas  Gland in the retroperitoneal space behind the stomach  Produces enzymes that digest carbs, proteins, fats, and nucleic acids  Produces the sodium bicarbonate buffer  Empties the contents into duodenum Relationship of the Pancreas to the Liver, Gallbladder, and Duodenum Know: Hepatopancreatic ampulla (ampulla of vater) and Sphincter of Oddi  Sphincter of Oddi regulates the passage of bile and pancreatic juices through the ampulla of vater into the duodenum of the small intestines. Activation of Pancreatic Proteolytic Enzymes Pancreas  Exocrine portion secretes pancreatic juices. o Made up of acini (99% of pancreas) o Pancreatic juice is made up of  Amylase to digest starch  Trypsin, Chymotrypsin, carboxypeptidase, and elastase to digest protein.  Lipase digests triglyceride  Ribonuclease  Deoxyribose o Protein Digesting enzymes secreted in inactive form o NaCO3 buffers acidic gastric juice to allow digestion to begin in small intestines  Endocrine portion secretes hormones like insulin, glucagon o Made up of pancreatic islet cells Liver Split into right and left lobes, separated by the falciform ligament. Right lobe is larger than the left. Histology of the Liver  Hepatocytes