Exam (elaborations) GIZMOS Student Exploration Natural Selection 1 Brandon Trigg

Exam (elaborations) GIZMOS Student Exploration Natural Selection 1 Brandon Trigg Vocabulary: biological evolution, camouflage, Industrial Revolution, lichen, morph, natural selection, peppered moth Prior Knowledge Questions (Do these BEFORE using the Gizmo.) The peppered moth (Biston betularia) is a common moth found in Europe, Asia, and North America. It is commonly found in two forms, or morphs: a dark morph and a light, speckled morph. Birds are a frequent predator of the peppered moth. 1. Which morph do you think would be easier to see on a dark tree trunk? _The light colored one______________________________ 2. Which morph do you think would be easier to see on a light tree trunk? The dark colored one._______________________________ Gizmo Warm-up The Natural Selection Gizmo™ allows you to play the role of a bird feeding on peppered moths. The initial population of 40 moths is scattered over 20 tree trunks. Click on moths to capture them. Click the Next tree button (or the spacebar on your keyboard) to advance to the next tree. 1. Check that LIGHT TREES is selected. Click Play ( ), and hunt moths for one year. A. How many dark moths did you capture? __8_____ B. How many light moths did you capture? _0______ How many moths can you find? This study source was downloaded by from CourseH on :55:08 GMT -05:00 This study resource was shared via CourseH GIZMOS Student Exploration Natural Selection 1 Brandon Trigg C. Camouflage is coloring or patterns that help an organism to blend in with the background. Which type of moth is better camouflaged on light bark? _The light colored one can hide easier.___________ 2. If a forest contained mostly light-colored trees, which type of moth would you expect to be most common? __I would think the light ones would be more common.__________________________________________________________ Activity A: Light trees Get the Gizmo ready:  Click Reset ( ).  Check that the LIGHT TREES tab is selected. Introduction: Before the 19th century in England, the air was very clean. The bark on trees was usually light in color. Abundant lichens growing on tree trunks also lightened their appearance. Question: How does the color of a peppered moth affect survival? 1. Predict: Over time, what will to happen to the populations of light and dark moths on light trees? _The light ones will increase and the dark ones will decrease._________________________________________________________________ __ 2. Experiment: Click Play and hunt peppered moths on light tree trunks for five years. In each year, try to capture as many moths as you can. Note: You can use the spacebar on your keyboard to quickly advance to the next tree. After 5 years, select the TABLE tab and record the percentages of each moth type. (Note: The table shows current populations of each moth, not the number of captured moths.) Year Dark moths Light moths 0 50 50 1 35 65 2 17 83 3 0 100 4 0 100 5 0 100 This study source was downloaded by from CourseH on :55:08 GMT -05:00 This study resource was shared via CourseH Then click the GRAPH tab, click the camera icon on the upper right to take a snapshot of the graph of your 5 year totals. Paste the snapshot into the lab report in the space below: Picture of Graph: 3. Analyze: What do your results show? _The dark population decreased and the light population increased.__________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ This study source was downloaded by from CourseH on :55:08 GMT -05:00 This study resource was shared via CourseH 4. Apply: Which type of moth do you think was more common before the 19th century, when most trees were light in color? __I would think the light colored moths were more common._______________________________________________ 5. Extend your thinking: What strategies did you use to hunt for moths? __I looked for dark moths on light tress. They were easy to spot. ________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ Activity B: Dark trees Get the Gizmo ready:  Click Reset.  Select the DARK TREES tab. Introduction: The 19th century was the time of the Industrial Revolution in England. Most of the new industries used coal for energy, and the air was polluted with black soot. In forests near factories, the soot coated trees and killed lichens. As a result, tree trunks became darker. Question: How did air pollution affect moth populations? 1. Predict: Over time, what will to happen to the populations of light and dark moths on dark trees? __The dark moths will increase and the light moths will decrease._________________________________________________________________ _ 2. Experiment: Click Play and hunt peppered moths on dark tree trunks for five years. In each year, try to capture as many moths as you can. When you are done, select the TABLE tab and record the percentages of each moth type. Year Dark moths Light moths 0 50 50 1 65 35 2 79 21 3 94 6 4 100 0 5 100 0 This study source was downloaded by from CourseH on :55:08 GMT -05:00 This study resource was shared via CourseH Then click the GRAPH tab, click the camera icon on the upper right to take a snapshot of the graph of your 5 year totals. Paste the snapshot into the lab report in the space below: Picture of Graph: 3. Analyze: What do your results show? __The dark moths increased and the light moths’ decreased._________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ 4. Apply: Which type of moth do you think was more common during the 19th century? Why? This study source was downloaded by from CourseH on :55:08 GMT -05:00 This study resource was shared via CourseH _I would think the dark moths because they could be camouflaged on the dark trees. Bette