Environmental Toxicology Summary
My summary for the Environmental Toxicology course 2021
The subjects for this course are:
● Introduction to Environmental Toxicology
● Apolar Chemicals
● Metal Speciation
● Introduction Toxicology
● ADME and Toxicity
● Modes of Action
● POP
● Dose-Response relationships
● Mixture toxicity
● Metal toxicity and resistance
● Effects at different levels
● Risk Assessment and QSARS
● Bioassays, Biomarkers and Biosensors
The frequently found substances are:
● Benzophenones
● Bisphenol A
● Diclofenac
● DEET
● Endosulfan
● Fluoxetine
● Glyphosate
● Imidacloprid
● Nonylphenol
● PFOA
● Triclosan
● Vinclozolin
,Inhoud
Apolar chemicals 4
Contents of this lecture: 4
Metal speciation 20
Contents of this lecture: 20
Introduction to Toxicology 27
Goals: 27
Content of this lecture: 27
ADME and Toxicity 42
Contents of this lecture: 42
Modes of Action 55
Content of this lecture: 55
POP - Persistent Organic Pollutants 61
Contents of this lecture: 61
Dose-Response relationships 76
Contents of this lecture: 76
Mixture toxicity 87
Contents of this lecture: 87
Metal toxicity and metal resistance in animals 89
Contents of this lecture: 89
Effects at different levels of biological organization 98
Contents of this lecture: 98
Risk Assessment 106
Contents of this lecture: 106
QSARs and QSPRs 111
Contents of this lecture: 112
Bioassays, Biomarkers and Biosensors 115
Contents of this lecture: 115
Effects on populations 119
Contents of this lecture: 120
Ecotoxicological Risk Assessment 125
, Content of this lecture: 125
Human Risk Assessment 132
Content of this lecture: 132
Checklist: What should you be able to do for the exam 136
Apolar chemicals: 136
Metal speciation: 136
ADME and Toxicity: 136
Dose-Response relationships: 136
Metal toxicity and resistance: 136
Effects at different levels: 136
Risk assessment & QSARs 137
Bioassays, biomarkers and biosensors 137
Population effects: 137
Ecotoxicological Risk Assessment: 137
, Apolar chemicals
Contents of this lecture:
● What are Apolar chemicals
● Behaviour is Soil and water
● Uptake by organisms
● Kow to predict environmental behaviour (QSARS or QSPRs)
● How to determine Kow
Apolar Chemicals: Chemicals with a more or less equal distribution of charge. (Chemistry: binding
orbital between atoms within a molecule). A very equal distribution of charge. Which makes them
insoluble in water.
Polar chemicals: Molecules with the highest electron density is found on one side, because of the
attractive force of one atom or group. A very unequal distribution of charge. Which makes them
water-soluble.
Polar molecules easily dissolve in water.
Polar groups in organic molecules:
● -OH
● -NO2
● -NH2
● =0
Give the molecule some polar properties.
Benzene is an Apolar chemical. It’s a very volatile compound.
When a NO2 group is added to a benzene, you get a Nitrobenzene which is Polar.
My summary for the Environmental Toxicology course 2021
The subjects for this course are:
● Introduction to Environmental Toxicology
● Apolar Chemicals
● Metal Speciation
● Introduction Toxicology
● ADME and Toxicity
● Modes of Action
● POP
● Dose-Response relationships
● Mixture toxicity
● Metal toxicity and resistance
● Effects at different levels
● Risk Assessment and QSARS
● Bioassays, Biomarkers and Biosensors
The frequently found substances are:
● Benzophenones
● Bisphenol A
● Diclofenac
● DEET
● Endosulfan
● Fluoxetine
● Glyphosate
● Imidacloprid
● Nonylphenol
● PFOA
● Triclosan
● Vinclozolin
,Inhoud
Apolar chemicals 4
Contents of this lecture: 4
Metal speciation 20
Contents of this lecture: 20
Introduction to Toxicology 27
Goals: 27
Content of this lecture: 27
ADME and Toxicity 42
Contents of this lecture: 42
Modes of Action 55
Content of this lecture: 55
POP - Persistent Organic Pollutants 61
Contents of this lecture: 61
Dose-Response relationships 76
Contents of this lecture: 76
Mixture toxicity 87
Contents of this lecture: 87
Metal toxicity and metal resistance in animals 89
Contents of this lecture: 89
Effects at different levels of biological organization 98
Contents of this lecture: 98
Risk Assessment 106
Contents of this lecture: 106
QSARs and QSPRs 111
Contents of this lecture: 112
Bioassays, Biomarkers and Biosensors 115
Contents of this lecture: 115
Effects on populations 119
Contents of this lecture: 120
Ecotoxicological Risk Assessment 125
, Content of this lecture: 125
Human Risk Assessment 132
Content of this lecture: 132
Checklist: What should you be able to do for the exam 136
Apolar chemicals: 136
Metal speciation: 136
ADME and Toxicity: 136
Dose-Response relationships: 136
Metal toxicity and resistance: 136
Effects at different levels: 136
Risk assessment & QSARs 137
Bioassays, biomarkers and biosensors 137
Population effects: 137
Ecotoxicological Risk Assessment: 137
, Apolar chemicals
Contents of this lecture:
● What are Apolar chemicals
● Behaviour is Soil and water
● Uptake by organisms
● Kow to predict environmental behaviour (QSARS or QSPRs)
● How to determine Kow
Apolar Chemicals: Chemicals with a more or less equal distribution of charge. (Chemistry: binding
orbital between atoms within a molecule). A very equal distribution of charge. Which makes them
insoluble in water.
Polar chemicals: Molecules with the highest electron density is found on one side, because of the
attractive force of one atom or group. A very unequal distribution of charge. Which makes them
water-soluble.
Polar molecules easily dissolve in water.
Polar groups in organic molecules:
● -OH
● -NO2
● -NH2
● =0
Give the molecule some polar properties.
Benzene is an Apolar chemical. It’s a very volatile compound.
When a NO2 group is added to a benzene, you get a Nitrobenzene which is Polar.
