Summary IB ESS Topic 4 - Full and complete notes

TOPIC 4: WATER AND
AQUATIC FOOD
PRODUCTION
SYSTEMS AND
SOCIETIES

, ESS TOPIC 4: WATER AND AQUATIC FOOD PRODUCTION SYSTEMS AND SOCIETIES


1. Introduction to water systems
Distribution and storage of fresh water




The Hydrological cycle
KEY CONCEPTS
Solar energy drives the Hydrological Cycle
➔ Solar energy drives the Hydrological Cycle
➔ The time for a water molecule to enter and leave part of the system is known as the turnover
time


STORAGES:
- Oceans - Rivers and streams
- Soil - Atmosphere
- Groundwater (aquifers) - Glaciers
- Lakes - Ice caps


TRANSFERS:
- Advection (wind-blown movement) - Infiltration (water into the soil)
- Flooding - Percolation (water from soil to rocks)
- Surface runoff (movement over land) - Stream flow and currents


TRANSFORMATIONS:
- Evapotranspiration (liquid to vapour)
- Condensation (vapour to liquid)
- Freezing (solid snow and ice