NURS-6501N-32 Advanced Pathophysiology Exam - Week 6 Midterm | Highly Rated | Download To Score An A.

MY HOME PAGE COURSES NURS-6501N-32,Advanced Pathophysiology.2020 Spring Qtr 02/24-05/17-PT27 Exams Review Test Submission: Exam - Week 6 Midterm Review Test Submission: Exam - Week 6 Mi dterm Course NURS-6501N-32,Advanced Pathophysiology.2020 Spring Qtr 02/24-05/17-PT27 Test Exam - Week 6 Midterm Status Completed Time Elapsed 2 hours, 0 minute out of 2 hours 1 out of 1 points What is the blood type of a person who is heterozygous, having A and B alleles as codominant? Selected Answer: AB Question 2 0 out of 1 points The data reporting that sickle cell disease affects approximately 1 in 600 American blacks is an example of which concept? Selected Answer: Incidence Question 3 1 out of 1 points A patient is having a spirometry measurement done and asks the healthcare professional to explain this test. What response by the professional is best? Selected Answer: To measure the volume and flow rate during forced expiration Question 4 0 out of 1 points A healthcare professional is caring for a patient undergoing chemotherapy. What is the skin-related health risk the professional should assess the patient for and be prepared to treat? Selected Answer: Erythema Question 5 0 out of 1 points A professor has taught the students about the sources of increased ammonia in patients with hepatic encephalopathy. What statement by a student indicates the professor should review this material? Selected Answer: Ammonia-forming bacteria in the colon are sources of increased ammonia. Question 6 1 out of 1 points What is the second most commonly recognized genetic cause of intellectual disability? Selected Answer: Fragile X syndrome Question 7 1 out of 1 points What is the role of reverse transcriptase in HIV infection? Selected Answer: It converts RNA into double-stranded DNA. Question 8 Which renal change is found in older adults? 1 out of 1 points Selected Answer: Decrease in the number of nephrons Question 9 1 out of 1 points In regulating vascular mediators released from mast cells, the role of eosinophils is to release what? Selected Answer: Histaminase, which limits the effects of histamine during acute inflammation Question 10 1 out of 1 points Under anaerobic conditions, what process provides energy for the cell? Selected Answer: Glycolysis Question 11 1 out of 1 points A patient had a motor vehicle crash and suffered critical injuries to the brainstem. What physiological responses would the healthcare professional expect to see? Selected Answer: Pulse and blood pressure changes Question 12 0 out of 1 points A parent wants to know how to prevent type 1 diabetes in the newborn. The healthcare professional explains that prevention is not possible, because which of these is a major characteristic of type 1 diabetes mellitus? Selected Answer: Insulin resistance Question 13 0 out of 1 points A patient has a pulmonary capillary wedge pressure of 30mmHg. What assessment finding by the healthcare professional would be most consistent with this reading? Selected Answer: Rhonchi Question 14 1 out of 1 points A patient is having an IgE-mediated hypersensitivity reaction. What action by the healthcare professional is best? Selected Answer: Give the patient an antihistamine. Question 15 1 out of 1 points A healthcare professional is educating a patient on asthma. The professional tells the patient that the most successful treatment for chronic asthma begins with which action? Selected Answer: Avoidance of the causative agent Question 16 1 out of 1 points A student asks the healthcare professional to explain the pathophysiologic process of alcoholic cirrhosis. What statement by the professional would not be consistent with complete knowledge about this process? Selected Answer: Inflammation and damage leading to cirrhosis begin in the bile canaliculi. Question 17 0 out of 1 points The pathophysiologic process of edema is related to which mechanism? Selected Answer: Increased plasma oncotic pressure Question 18 1 out of 1 points How does progressive nephron injury affect angiotensin II activity? Selected Answer: Angiotensin II activity is elevated. Question 19 1 out of 1 points A student asks the professor to explain what effect natriuretic peptides have during heart failure when the heart dilates. Which response by the professor is best? Selected Answer: Inhibits renin and aldosterone Question 20 When renin is released, it is capable of which action? 0 out of 1 points Selected Answer: Direct activation of angiotensin II Question 21 1 out of 1 points What is the initiating event that leads to the development of atherosclerosis? Selected Answer: Injury to the endothelial cells that line the artery walls Question 22 1 out of 1 points The glomerular filtration rate is directly related to which factor? Selected Answer: Perfusion pressure in the glomerular capillaries Question 23 1 out of 1 points What mechanisms occur in the liver cells as a result of lipid accumulation? Selected Answer: Increased synthesis of triglycerides from fatty acids and decreased synthesis of apoproteins Question 24 1 out of 1 points A person wants to know if eating only plant-based foods is advisable as a way to cut cholesterol to near-zero levels. What response by the health care professional is best? Selected Answer: No, many hormones are made from cholesterol. Question 25 1 out of 1 points The Bainbridge reflex is thought to be initiated by sensory neurons in which cardiac location? Selected Answer: Atria Question 26 0 out of 1 points A patient has a serum sodium level of 165 mEq/L. The healthcare professional explains that the clinical manifestations of confusion, convulsions, cerebral hemorrhage, and coma are caused by what mechanism? Selected Answer: High sodium in the brain cells pulls water out of the blood vessels into the brain cells, causing them to swell. Question 27 1 out of 1 points A person has hypothyroidism. What chemical does the healthcare professional advise the person to include in the diet? Selected Answer: Iodine Question 28 1 out of 1 points During the cardiac cycle, why do the aortic and pulmonic valves close after the ventricles relax? Selected Answer: Blood fills the cusps of the valves and causes the edges to merge, closing the valves. Question 29 1 out of 1 points If a patient develops acidosis, the nurse would expect the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve to react in which manner? Selected Answer: Shift to the right, causing more oxygen (O 2) to be released to the cells Question 30 What does vomiting-induced metabolic alkalosis cause? 1 out of 1 points Selected Answer: Retention of bicarbonate to maintain the anion balance Question 31 What is one function of the tumor cell marker? 1 out of 1 points Selected Answer: To screen individuals at high risk for cancer Question 32 1 out of 1 points A patient suffered multiple traumatic injuries and received many blood transfusions within a few days of the injuries. For which medical condition should the healthcare professional monitor the patient for? Selected Answer: Hemosiderosis Question 33 1 out of 1 points A pregnant woman has Graves disease. What test/s does the healthcare professional advise the woman about? Selected Answer: Blood test for hyperthyroidism Question 34 1 out of 1 points A healthcare professional is caring for a patient who has a delay in electrical activity reaching the ventricle as seen on ECG. What ECG finding would the healthcare professional associate with this problem? Selected Answer: PR interval measuring 0.28 sec Question 35 1 out of 1 points A healthcare professional tells a student that a patient has lost atrial kick. What would the student expect to see when examining this patient? Selected Answer: Signs of decreased cardiac output Question 36 0 out of 1 points A patient has diabetes mellitus. A recent urinalysis showed increased amounts of protein. What therapy does the healthcare provider educate the patient that is specific to this disorder? Selected Answer: More frequent blood glucose monitoring Question 37 0 out of 1 points A healthcare professional is caring for four patients. Which patient does the professional assess for neurogenic diabetes insipidus (DI)? Selected Answer: Anterior pituitary tumor Question 38 How do free radicals cause cell damage? 0 out of 1 points Selected Answer: Stealing the cell's oxygen to stabilize the electron, thus causing hypoxia Question 39 1 out of 1 points A student studying biology asks the professor to describe how the ras gene is involved in cancer proliferation. What explanation by the professor is best? Selected Answer: A mutation in this gene allows continuous cell growth. Question 40 1 out of 1 points A patient has a peptic ulcer related to h. pylori bacteria. What treatment does the healthcare professional educate the patient on? Selected Answer: Antibiotic therapy Question 41 0 out of 1 points A patient in the hospital has hypernatremia. What condition should the healthcare professional assess for? Selected Answer: Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone Question 42 0 out of 1 points A patient is in severe shock and is receiving vasopressin. A student asks the health care professional to explain the rationale for this treatment. What response by the professional is most accurate? Selected Answer: Antidiuretic hormone conserves fluid when urine output is less than 20 mL/hr. Question 43 1 out of 1 points A student is preparing to irrigate a patient's wound and gathers supplies, including hydrogen peroxide. What response by the health care professional is best? Selected Answer: Tell the student to get some normal saline instead. Question 44 1 out of 1 points A healthcare professional cares for older adults in a skilled nursing facility. What should the professional assess for in these individuals related to cardiovascular functioning? Selected Answer: Increased rate of falling and dizzy spells Question 45 0 out of 1 points Which statement made by a student indicates the healthcare professional needs to describe the pericardium again? Selected Answer: The pericardium is a double-walled membranous sac that encloses the heart. Question 46 Where is two thirds of the body's water found? 1 out of 1 points Selected Answer: Intracellular fluid compartments Question 47 1 out of 1 points A healthcare professional is caring for four patients. Which patient does the professional assess for pulmonary emboli (PE) as the priority? Selected Answer: Deep venous thrombosis Question 48 0 out of 1 points A patient has been diagnosed with a renal stone. Based on knowledge of common stone types, what self-care measure does the healthcare professional plan to teach the patient when stone analysis has returned? Selected Answer: Increase water intake. Question 49 What is the inflammatory effect of nitric oxide (NO)? 1 out of 1 points Selected Answer: Decreases mast cell function, and decreases platelet aggregation Question 50 What is the cause of familial hypercholesterolemia (FH)? 1 out of 1 points Selected Answer: Reduction in the number of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptors on cell surfaces Question 51 1 out of 1 points During acidosis, the body compensates for the increase in serum hydrogen ions by shifting hydrogen ions into the cell in exchange for which electrolyte? Selected Answer: Potassium Question 52 Which chamber of the heart endures the highest pressures? 1 out of 1 points Selected Answer: Left ventricle Question 53 1 out of 1 points When endothelial cells are injured, what alteration contributes to atherosclerosis? Selected Answer: Cells are unable to make the normal amount of vasodilating cytokines. Question 54 What is the cause of functional dysphagia? 1 out of 1 points Selected Answer: Neural or muscular disorders Question 55 0 out of 1 points A patient diagnosed with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) has the following laboratory values: arterial pH 7.20; serum glucose 500 mg/dL; positive urine glucose and ketones; serum potassium (K +) 2 mEq/L; serum sodium (Na +) 130 mEq/L. The patient reports that he has been sick with the flu for 1 week. What relationship do these values have to his insulin deficiency? Selected Answer: Increased glucose use causes the shift of fluid from the intravascular to the intracellular space. Question 56 What is one function of the tumor cell marker? 1 out of 1 points Selected Answer: To screen individuals at high risk for cancer Question 57 0 out of 1 points A student asks about the mechanism that results in type II hypersensitivity reactions. What description by the professor is best? Selected Answer: Cytotoxic T lymphocytes or lymphokine-producing helper T 1 cells directly attack and destroy cellular targets. Question 58 1 out of 1 points What physical sign does the healthcare professional relate to the result of turbulent blood flow through a vessel? Selected Answer: Murmur heard on auscultation Question 59 1 out of 1 points Which hormone is required for water to be reabsorbed in the distal tubule and collecting duct? Selected Answer: Antidiuretic hormone Question 60 1 out of 1 points A patient asks the healthcare professional why tissue damage occurs in acute rejection after organ transplantation. What response by the professional is best? Selected Answer: Th1 cells release cytokines that activate infiltrating macrophages, and cytotoxic T cells directly attack the endothelial cells of the transplanted tissue. Question 61 What are blood pressure variations associated with? 1 out of 1 points Selected Answer: The renin-angiotensin system's effect on vasoconstriction Question 62 1 out of 1 points A class of students has learned about contributing factors to duodenal ulcers. What statement indicates to the professor that the students need a review? Selected Answer: Gastric emptying is slowed, causing greater exposure of the mucosa to acid. Question 63 1 out of 1 points Renal failure is the most common cause of which type of hyperparathyroidism? Selected Answer: Secondary Question 64 1 out of 1 points An amniocentesis indicates a neural tube defect when an increase in which protein is evident? Selected Answer: Alpha fetoprotein Question 65 1 out of 1 points A healthcare professional wants to determine the adequacy of a person's alveolar ventilation. What assessment finding is most important for the professional to consider? Selected Answer: Arterial blood gas shows a PaCO 2 of 44 mmHg. Question 66 1 out of 1 points What is an expected change in the cardiovascular system that occurs with aging? Selected Answer: Arterial stiffening Question 67 Oxygenated blood flows through which vessel? 1 out of 1 points Selected Answer: Pulmonary veins Question 68 0 out of 1 points A patient's urinalysis came back positive for glucose. What does the healthcare professional expect the patient's blood glucose to be at a minimum? Selected Answer: 150 mg/dL Question 69 1 out of 1 points A student asks the healthcare professional to explain the function of the papillary muscles. What response by the professional is best? Selected Answer: These muscles prevent backward expulsion of the atrioventricular valves. Question 70 0 out of 1 points The healthcare professional explains to a student that the amount of volume of blood in the heart is directly related to the of contraction. Selected Answer: [None Given] Question 71 1 out of 1 points A healthcare professional is caring for a patient who has continuous increases in left ventricular filing pressures. What disorder would the professional assess the patient for? Selected Answer: Pulmonary edema Question 72 1 out of 1 points What pathologic change occurs to the kidney's glomeruli as a result of hypertension? Selected Answer: Ischemia of the tubule Question 73 1 out of 1 points A student asks why some vaccinations are given orally and some are given by injection. What response by the professor is best? Selected Answer: Each route stimulates a different lymphocyte-containing tissue, resulting in different types of cellular and humoral immunity. Question 74 0 out of 1 points A patient has a history of excessive use of magnesium-containing antacids and aluminum-containing antacids. What lab value does the healthcare professional correlate to this behavior? Selected Answer: Magnesium 1.8 mg/dL Question 75 1 out of 1 points A student asks the healthcare professional to describe exotoxins. Which statement by the professional is best? Selected Answer: Exotoxins are released during bacterial growth. Question 76 What are tumor cell markers? 1 out of 1 points Selected Answer: Hormones, enzymes, antigens, and antibodies that are produced by cancer cells Question 77 0 out of 1 points The acute inflammatory response is characterized by fever that is produced by the hypothalamus being affected by what? Selected Answer: Bacterial endotoxin Question 78 0 out of 1 points A healthcare professional is educating a patient about asthma. The professional states that good control is necessary due to which pathophysiologic process? Selected Answer: [None Given] Question 79 0 out of 1 points The student asks the professor to explain what characteristic is demonstrated by lungs with decreased compliance? Selected Answer: Inability to diffuse oxygen Question 80 0 out of 1 points The action of platelet-derived growth factor is to stimulate the production of which cells? Selected Answer: Fibroblast cells Question 81 0 out of 1 points A healthcare professional tells the student that a properly placed endotracheal tube for mechanical ventilation is 5 to 7 cm above the tracheal bifurcation. Where does this bifurcation occur? Selected Answer: Bronchi Question 82 1 out of 1 points Surfactant produced by type II alveolar cells facilitates alveolar distention and ventilation by which mechanism? Selected Answer: Decreasing surface tension in the alveoli Question 83 1 out of 1 points A patient is brought to the Emergency Department with a gunshot wound to the chest. The healthcare professional assesses an abnormality involving a pleural rupture that acts as a one-way valve, permitting air to enter on inspiration but preventing its escape by closing during expiration. What action by the healthcare professional is the priority? Selected Answer: Assist with a chest tube insertion. Question 84 0 out of 1 points A professor has taught the students about the pathogenesis of abdominal pain. Which statement by a student indicates the professor needs to review the material? Selected Answer: [None Given] Question 85 1 out of 1 points People diagnosed with neurofibromatosis have varying degrees of the condition because of which genetic principle? Selected Answer: Expressivity Question 86 0 out of 1 points A student asks the professor how a faulty negative-feedback mechanism results in a hormonal imbalance. What response by the professor is best? Selected Answer: Too little hormone production is initiated. Question 87 1 out of 1 points A healthcare professional is working with a person who drinks several 6-packs of beer a week. What testing does the professional encourage the person to get? Selected Answer: Hepatic function Question 88 0 out of 1 points Which characteristic is the most important determinant of immunogenicity when considering the antigen? Selected Answer: Complexity Question 89 0 out of 1 points A patient has portal hypertension-induced splenomegaly. Which lab value would the healthcare professional associate with this condition? Selected Answer: High hemoglobin and hematocrit Question 90 0 out of 1 points Why is leakage of lysosomal enzymes during chemical injuries significant? Selected Answer: Influx of potassium ions into the mitochondria occurs, halting the ATP production. Question 91 0 out of 1 points What is the most important cause of pulmonary artery constriction? Selected Answer: Epinephrine Question 92 Autocrine stimulation is the ability of cancer cells to do what? 1 out of 1 points Selected Answer: Secrete growth factors that stimulate their own growth Question 93 1 out of 1 points Neurotransmitters affect the postsynaptic membrane by binding to which structure? Selected Answer: Receptors Question 94 0 out of 1 points A healthcare provider notes that tapping the patient's facial nerve leads to lip twitching. What electrolyte value is correlated with this finding? Selected Answer: Ca ++: 12.9 mg/dL Question 95 0 out of 1 points During cell injury caused by hypoxia, why does an increase in the osmotic pressure within the cell occur? Selected Answer: An influx of glucose occurs through the injured cell membranes. Question 96 1 out of 1 points A female patient has been diagnosed with an uncomplicated urinary tract infection. What self-care measure does the healthcare provider teach the patient that is specific to this type of infection? Selected Answer: After using the bathroom, wipe from front to back. Question 97 0 out of 1 points A healthcare professional is conducting community education on vaccinations. Which statement about vaccines does the professional include in the presentation? Selected Answer: Most viral vaccines are made by using dead organisms. Question 98 0 out of 1 points A patient reports dumping syndrome after a partial gastrectomy. What does the healthcare professional teach this patient? Selected Answer: [None Given] Question 99 0 out of 1 points Once they have penetrated the first line of defense, which microorganisms do natural killer (NK) cells actively attack? Selected Answer: [None Given] Question 100 0 out of 1 points Free radicals play a major role in the initiation and progression of which diseases? Selected Answer: [None Given] Saturday, April 4, 2020 5:02:06 PM EDT ← OK Show Less