1
, i) Mydriatic eye drops can cause systemic anticholinergic effects such as constipation, dry mouth,
photophobia, and tachycardia.
d) Hypothermia
5) A nurse is caring for a client who has heart failure and is receiving IV furosemide. The nurse should monitor the client for which
of the following electrolyte imbalances?
a) Hypernatremia
i) Rationale: The nurse should monitor the client who is receiving IV furosemide for hyponatremia.
b) Hyperuricemia
i) Rationale: The nurse should monitor the client who is receiving IV furosemide for hyperuricemia. The nurse should
instruct the client to notify the provider for any tenderness or swelling of the joints.
c) Hypercalcemia
i) Rationale: The nurse should monitor the client who is receiving IV furosemide for hypocalcemia.
d) Hyperchloremia
i) Rationale: The nurse should monitor the client who is receiving IV furosemide for hypochloremia.
6) A nurse is talking to a client who is taking a calcium supplement for osteoporosis. The client tells the nurse she is
experiencing flank pain. Which of the following adverse effects should the nurse suspect?
a) Renal stones
7) A nurse is caring for a client who is prescribed warfarin therapy for an artificial heart valve. Which of the following
laboratory values should the nurse monitor for a therapeutic effect of warfarin?
a) Hemoglobin
b) Prothrombin time (PT)
i) Rationale: This test is used to monitor warfarin therapy. For a client receiving full anticoagulant
therapy,should typically be approximately two to three times the normal value, depending on the
indication for therapeutic anticoagulation.
c) Bleeding time
d) Activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT)
8) A nurse is preparing to administer a dose of lactulose to a client who has cirrhosis. The client states, "I don't need this
medication. I am not constipated." The nurse should explain that in clients who have cirrhosis, lactulose is used to
decrease levels of which of the following components in the bloodstream?
a) Glucose
b) Ammonia
i) Rationale: Lactulose, a disaccharide, is a sugar that works as an osmotic diuretic. It prevents
absorption of ammonia in the colon. Accumulation of ammonia in the bloodstream, which occurs in
pathologic conditions of the liver, such as cirrhosis, may affect the central nervous system, causing
hepatic encephalopathy or coma.
c) Potassium
d) Bicarbonate
9) A nurse is educating a group of clients about the contraindications of warfarin therapy. Which of the following
statements should the nurse include in the teaching?
a) "Clients who have glaucoma should not take warfarin."
b) "Clients who have rheumatoid arthritis should not take warfarin."
, c) "Clients who are pregnant should not take warfarin."
i) Rationale: Warfarin therapy is contraindicated in the pregnant client because it crosses the placenta
and places the fetus at risk for bleeding.
d) "Clients who have hyperthyroidism should not take warfarin."
10) A nurse is teaching a client who takes warfarin daily. Which of the following statements by the client indicates a need for further
teaching?
a) "I have started taking ginger root to treat my joint stiffness."
i) Rationale: Ginger root can interfere with the blood clotting effect of warfarin and place the client at risk for
bleeding. This statement indicates the client needs further teaching.
b) "I take this medication at the same time each day."
i) Rationale: The client should take warfarin at the same time each day to maintain a stable blood level.
c) "I eat a green salad every night with dinner."
i) Rationale: Green leafy vegetables are a good source of vitamin K, which can interfere with the clotting effects of
warfarin. Clients who are taking warfarin do not need to restrict dietary vitamin K intake but rather should maintain a
consistent intake of vitamin K in order to control the therapeutic effect of the medication.
d) "I had my INR checked three weeks ago.
i) " Rationale: Clients who have been taking warfarin for more than 3 months should have their INR level checked every
2 to 4 weeks.
11) A patient is starting warfarin (Coumadin) therapy as part of treatment for atrial fibrillation. The nurse will
follow which principles of warfarin therapy? (Select all that apply.)
a) Teach proper subcutaneous administration
b) Administer the oral dose at the same time every day
c) Assess carefully for excessive bruising or unusual bleeding
d) Monitor laboratory results for a target INR of 2 to 3
e) Monitor laboratory results for a therapeutic aPTT value of 1.5 to 2.5 times the control value
12) Atorvastatin can elevate LFT
a) Baseline total cholesterol, LDL and HDL level, triglycerides, and liver and renal function test obtained and then
monitored periodically throughout treatment
13) The nurse teaches a client who is recovering from acute kidney disease to avoid which type of medication?
a) NSAIDS
i) NSAIDs may be nephrotoxic to a client with acute kidney disease, and should be avoided.
ACE inhibitors are used for treatment of hypertension and to protect the kidneys, especially
in the diabetic client, from progression of kidney disease. Opiates may be used by clients
with kidney disease if severe pain is present; however, excretion may be delayed. Calcium
channel blockers can improve the glomerular filtration rate and blood flow within the kidney.
b) ACE inhibitors
c) Opiates
d) Calcium channel blockers
14) Which of the following are adverse reactions related to the use of CELECOXIB? Select all that apply
a) Rhinitis
b) Neutropenia
c) Oliguria
d) Stomatitis
15) A nurse is caring for a client who has active pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) and is to be started on intravenous rifampin
therapy. The nurse should instruct the client that this medication can cause which of the following adverse effects?
a) Constipation
b) Black colored stools
, i) Mydriatic eye drops can cause systemic anticholinergic effects such as constipation, dry mouth,
photophobia, and tachycardia.
d) Hypothermia
5) A nurse is caring for a client who has heart failure and is receiving IV furosemide. The nurse should monitor the client for which
of the following electrolyte imbalances?
a) Hypernatremia
i) Rationale: The nurse should monitor the client who is receiving IV furosemide for hyponatremia.
b) Hyperuricemia
i) Rationale: The nurse should monitor the client who is receiving IV furosemide for hyperuricemia. The nurse should
instruct the client to notify the provider for any tenderness or swelling of the joints.
c) Hypercalcemia
i) Rationale: The nurse should monitor the client who is receiving IV furosemide for hypocalcemia.
d) Hyperchloremia
i) Rationale: The nurse should monitor the client who is receiving IV furosemide for hypochloremia.
6) A nurse is talking to a client who is taking a calcium supplement for osteoporosis. The client tells the nurse she is
experiencing flank pain. Which of the following adverse effects should the nurse suspect?
a) Renal stones
7) A nurse is caring for a client who is prescribed warfarin therapy for an artificial heart valve. Which of the following
laboratory values should the nurse monitor for a therapeutic effect of warfarin?
a) Hemoglobin
b) Prothrombin time (PT)
i) Rationale: This test is used to monitor warfarin therapy. For a client receiving full anticoagulant
therapy,should typically be approximately two to three times the normal value, depending on the
indication for therapeutic anticoagulation.
c) Bleeding time
d) Activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT)
8) A nurse is preparing to administer a dose of lactulose to a client who has cirrhosis. The client states, "I don't need this
medication. I am not constipated." The nurse should explain that in clients who have cirrhosis, lactulose is used to
decrease levels of which of the following components in the bloodstream?
a) Glucose
b) Ammonia
i) Rationale: Lactulose, a disaccharide, is a sugar that works as an osmotic diuretic. It prevents
absorption of ammonia in the colon. Accumulation of ammonia in the bloodstream, which occurs in
pathologic conditions of the liver, such as cirrhosis, may affect the central nervous system, causing
hepatic encephalopathy or coma.
c) Potassium
d) Bicarbonate
9) A nurse is educating a group of clients about the contraindications of warfarin therapy. Which of the following
statements should the nurse include in the teaching?
a) "Clients who have glaucoma should not take warfarin."
b) "Clients who have rheumatoid arthritis should not take warfarin."
, c) "Clients who are pregnant should not take warfarin."
i) Rationale: Warfarin therapy is contraindicated in the pregnant client because it crosses the placenta
and places the fetus at risk for bleeding.
d) "Clients who have hyperthyroidism should not take warfarin."
10) A nurse is teaching a client who takes warfarin daily. Which of the following statements by the client indicates a need for further
teaching?
a) "I have started taking ginger root to treat my joint stiffness."
i) Rationale: Ginger root can interfere with the blood clotting effect of warfarin and place the client at risk for
bleeding. This statement indicates the client needs further teaching.
b) "I take this medication at the same time each day."
i) Rationale: The client should take warfarin at the same time each day to maintain a stable blood level.
c) "I eat a green salad every night with dinner."
i) Rationale: Green leafy vegetables are a good source of vitamin K, which can interfere with the clotting effects of
warfarin. Clients who are taking warfarin do not need to restrict dietary vitamin K intake but rather should maintain a
consistent intake of vitamin K in order to control the therapeutic effect of the medication.
d) "I had my INR checked three weeks ago.
i) " Rationale: Clients who have been taking warfarin for more than 3 months should have their INR level checked every
2 to 4 weeks.
11) A patient is starting warfarin (Coumadin) therapy as part of treatment for atrial fibrillation. The nurse will
follow which principles of warfarin therapy? (Select all that apply.)
a) Teach proper subcutaneous administration
b) Administer the oral dose at the same time every day
c) Assess carefully for excessive bruising or unusual bleeding
d) Monitor laboratory results for a target INR of 2 to 3
e) Monitor laboratory results for a therapeutic aPTT value of 1.5 to 2.5 times the control value
12) Atorvastatin can elevate LFT
a) Baseline total cholesterol, LDL and HDL level, triglycerides, and liver and renal function test obtained and then
monitored periodically throughout treatment
13) The nurse teaches a client who is recovering from acute kidney disease to avoid which type of medication?
a) NSAIDS
i) NSAIDs may be nephrotoxic to a client with acute kidney disease, and should be avoided.
ACE inhibitors are used for treatment of hypertension and to protect the kidneys, especially
in the diabetic client, from progression of kidney disease. Opiates may be used by clients
with kidney disease if severe pain is present; however, excretion may be delayed. Calcium
channel blockers can improve the glomerular filtration rate and blood flow within the kidney.
b) ACE inhibitors
c) Opiates
d) Calcium channel blockers
14) Which of the following are adverse reactions related to the use of CELECOXIB? Select all that apply
a) Rhinitis
b) Neutropenia
c) Oliguria
d) Stomatitis
15) A nurse is caring for a client who has active pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) and is to be started on intravenous rifampin
therapy. The nurse should instruct the client that this medication can cause which of the following adverse effects?
a) Constipation
b) Black colored stools
