Chapter 14-May’s Existential-Analytic Theory

CHAPTER i14-MAY’S iEXISTENTIAL-ANALYTIC iTHEORY CHAPTER iOUTLINE I. iExistential-analytic itheory-theoretical iapproach ito iunderstanding ihuman ipersonality ithat icombines ielements iof iexistential iphilosophy iwith iFreudian iconcepts. A. iexistentialism-study iof iontology-the inature iof ibeing. B. ibeing-many idefinitions-one iused iby iMay iemphasizes iour istruggle ithrough ithe iuse iof iconscious, idecision-making ito irealize iour ipotentials. C. ithree imodes iof ibeing-in-the-world. 1. iumwelt-biological ior inatural ienvironment iin iwhich ihuman ibeings iexist. 2. imitwelt-world iof iinterrelationships. i 3. ieigenwelt-unique ipresence iin ihuman ibeings iof iself-awareness iand iself-relatedness. i II. iDisintegration iof iValues iin iModern iSociety A. ireasons ifor idisintegration 1. ichange ifrom ihealthy icompetitive iattitude ito ihyper-competitive ione. a. iindiscriminate ipursuit iof imaterial ipossessions, istatus, iand iprestige. 2. iloss iof iour ibelief iin ithe iefficacy iof ireason. 3. iloss iof iour isense iof idignity iand iself-worth. i 4. iloss iof iour isense iof irelatedness ito inature. 5. iloss iof iour iability ito irelate ito ieach iother iin ia imature, iloving iway. B. iconsequences iof idisintegration 1. ifeelings iof iemptiness iand iisolation ifrom ione ianother. 2. ifeelings iof ipowerlessness. 3. ifeelings iof iloneliness. 4. ifeelings iof ianxiety iand iavoidance iof itaking iresponsibility ifor iour iactions. i i a. inormal ianxiety-painful ifeeling ithat iemanates ifrom ia irealistic ithreat ito iour iestablished ivalues. b. ineurotic ianxiety-painful ifeeling ithat iis iproduced iby ian i iexcessive ireaction ito ia ithreat ito iour ivalues. III. iFreeing iOurselves ifrom iNeurotic iAnxiety A. iExpansion iof iConsciousness 1. ileads ito imore ispontaneity, icreativity, iand iresponsible idecision-making. IV. iPersonality iDevelopment A. iNeed ito ibreak iour iphysical iand ipsychological idependence ion iour iparents ior iparental isubstitutes. 1. iEvolution iof iour iconsciousness ias iwe ibreak ithese ities a. iinnocence-no iconsciousness iof iself. b. irebellion. c. iordinary iconsciousness iof iself. d. icreative iconsciousness iof iself. 1. itranscendence ithe iusual ilimits iof iconsciousness. i V. iTherapeutic iAssessment iTechniques A. iNo iprimary ifocus ion itechniques; ifocus iinstead ion ithe iperson's iattitudes, ithe ispecial imeanings iof ihis ior iher iexistence. i i VI. iTheory's iImplications ifor iTherapy A. igoal iof itherapy 1. ito iunderstand ithe iperson ias ia ibeing-in-the-world. 2. ito imake ilonely iand iempty ipeople imore iaware iof ithemselves iand itheir ipotential ifor igrowth ithrough ian iexpansion iof iconsciousness. VII. iEvaluative iComments i A. iComprehensiveness-broad iin iscope iwhen icompared ito iother ihumanistic ipositions. B. iPrecision iand itestability- iimprecise iand ivery idifficult ito itest iadequately. C. iParsimony-fails ito imeet ithe iparsimony icriterion; itoo imany iredundant iconcepts. D. iEmpirical ivalidity-little iempirical isupport. E. iHeuristic ivalue-theory iis iproving ito ibe istimulating ito ischolars iin ithe ihumanistic ipsychology imovement iand ito imembers iof ithe ipublic, ibut inot ito iresearchers iwithin imainstream ipsychology. F. iApplied ivalue-considerable iinfluence ion iprofessionals iin iareas isuch ias ieducation, ipastoral icounseling, ifamily ilife, iand ireligion. CLASSROOM iTOPICS iFOR iLECTURE, iDISCUSSION, iAND iDEMONSTRATION Technique ias ia iPseudo-solution ito iOur iProblems. i iMay imaintains ithat imany ipeople iin icontemporary isociety itry ito ideal iwith itheir ialienation ifrom iothers, itheir iloneliness, iand ifeelings iof ipowerlessness iby iengaging iin ipromiscuous isex. i iIn ia igenerally ihypercompetitive isociety isuch ias iours, ithey itreat isex ias ia icontest iand ifeel ithat ithey imust ikeep iperforming iby ihaving isex iwith imore iand imore ipartners. i iSuch iobsessive iactivity imakes ithem ifeel itemporarily isuperior iand iadequate. iWomen iare ipressured ito iexperience imultiple iorgasms; iif ithey ican't, ithey ifeel ifrigid iand iunworthy. i iOn ithe iother ihand, imen ifeel iinadequate iif ithey ican't i"give" iwomen ithe imultiple iorgasms ithey iare idemanding. i iIn ia ipractical isociety isuch ias iours, iwe ithink iwe ican ieliminate iour iunderlying ianxieties ithrough ithe iuse iof itechniques. i iThus, iMay iargues ithat iwe isee ihow-to ibooks ion ilove iand ipersonal irelationships ithat igive iadvice ion ithe ikinds iof itechniques ithat imust ibe iused ito igain ihappiness. You ican ilook iin imany idifferent ipopular imagazines iand ifind iads ithat iencourage ius ito ibuy ihow-to ibooks ito iend iour iunhappiness. iOne iad, ifor iexample, iis ihawking ia ibook ithat iwill ipresumably iteach ia iwoman ihow ito ibe imore isexually ifulfilled. iIn ithe ibook, ithe iad iclaims ithat ia iwoman iwill ilearn: 1. how ito ienhance iher isense iof i"feminine imystery." 2. how ito imaster ithe iart iof ibody irelaxation, iand iwhy ithis ican iimprove iher icomplexion. 3. how ishe ican iraise iher i"passion ipotential." 4. how ito iuse iher ieyes ito ispeak ithe iwild iand ipassionate i"language iof ilove." 5. how ito ithrill ia iman iso iintensely, ihe iwon't ibe iable ito iget iher iout iof ihis imind. AND iMUCH, iMUCH iMORE! For imen, ithe iad iclaims ithat ithe ifollowing iare ia ilist iof ijust isome iof ithe iirresistible itechniques ithat ithey iwill ilearn iif ithey ipurchase ithe ibook: 1. where ito itouch ia iwoman ifirst. 2. how ito imake ia iwoman i"let iherself igo." 3. how ito iget ia iwoman iout iof iher iclothes. 4. how ito igive ia iwoman imultiple iorgasms. 5. how ito iexcite ia iwoman iwith ijust iwords. AND iMUCH, iMUCH iMORE! Of icourse, iin iMay's iview, isuch ibooks iare inonsense iand ikeep ius ifrom icommunicating iwith ione ianother, idealing iwith ithe icauses iof iour idifficulties iby iconfronting iour iproblems idirectly iand itaking ipersonal iresponsibility ifor ithem. i LEARNING iGOALS At ithe iconclusion iof iChapter i14, iyour istudents ishould ibe iable ito: 1. explain iwhy iMay's itheory iis ia iblend iof ipsychoanalysis iand iexistentialism. 2. describe ithe ithree imajor imodes iof irelating ito ithe iworld. 3. discuss iMay's iviews ion ithe idisintegration iof ivalues iin iour isociety. 4. discuss ithe ievolution iof iconsciousness iin iterms iof iits imeaning ifor imental ihealth. 5. describe ithe iprocess iin itherapy iwhereby ia ipatient ican iexperience itheir iexistence ias ireal. TEST iBANK MULTIPLE iCHOICE i 1. i iExistentialism iis iconcerned iwith ithe istudy iof: a. death iand isuicide b. the icore iof ione's ibeing c. abstract ithought iand ilogic d. reality ANS: ib 2. i iAccording ito ithe iphilosopher iKierkegaard, itruth iis: a. relational b. abstract c. concrete d. an iabstraction iof ithe isubject, iman, ifrom ithe iobject ihe iobserves ANS: ia 3. i iThe iexistentialists imaintain ithat ithe iscientist ishould: a. dismiss ithe iobject iside iof ithe ireality iequation b. not ibring ihis/her i"inner iworld" iof iexperiences iinto ihis/her iview iof iscience c. focus ifirst ion ihis/her iown isubjective iexperiences iin ithe iformulation iof iproblems ito ibe istudied iand ithen iproceed ito istudy ithem iin ia iway ithat iis ias iobjective ias ipossible d. tailor ihis/her istudy iof iproblems ito iexisting imethodology ibased ion imethods iused iin iphysics ior iphysiology ANS: ic 4. i iIn ithe iexistential idesign: a. the iperson imust iassign imeaning ito ihis/her iexistence iand iact iin iterms iof iit b. the iperson ilets iother ipeople idefine ihis/her igoals iand itell ihim/her ihow ihe/she iwould ibehave c. the iexistentialists ifocus ion ibehavior ias itheir istarting ipoint iin itheir ianalysis iof ihuman iexistence d. the iperson iviews ithe iworld iof inatural iphenomena ifrom ian iobjective iperspective ANS: ia 5. i iSelf-alienation istems ifrom: a. facing ione's iresponsibilities iin ispite iof isocietal ipressure b. a inonavoidance iof icommitment ito igoals iand iresponsibilities c. an iacceptance iof ivalues ithat iare iat ivariance iwith ione's ibeing d. rejection iof ithe imoral ivalues idictated iby isociety ANS: ic 6. i iMay icalls ithe iworld ithat iwould istill iexist ieven iif iwe ihad ino iself-consciousness ithe: a. umwelt i b. zeitgeist c. eigenwelt d. mitwelt ANS: ia 7. i iAccording ito iMay, ithe iworld iof iinterrelationships iis icalled ithe: a. umwelt b. mitwelt c. zeitgeist d. eigenwelt ANS: ib 8. iThe imode iof ibeing-in-the-world ithat iinvolves iself-awareness iand iself-relatedness iis icalled ithe: a. eigenwelt b. mitwelt c. umwelt i i d. zeitgeist i ANS: ia 9. i iAccording ito iMay, ifeelings iof ianxiety istem iprimarily ifrom: a. sexual iconflict b. rejection c. emptiness d. loneliness iand iemptiness ANS: id 10. iThe iclassical iOedipal iconflict ipostulated iby iFreud iis ireinterpreted iby iMay iin iterms iof: a. parental isubstitution b. psychological idependence c. stages iof iautonomy d. sexual iconflicts iin inature ANS: ib 11. iThe igreatest iabsurdity ifrom ithe iexistentialist iviewpoint iis: a. alienation b. death c. lack iof iresponsibility ifor ione's iactions d. excess iobjectification ANS: ib 12. iTo iact iauthentically ione: a. must ibe iwho ihe/she iis b. lets iothers idefine ihis/her igoals c. views ithe iworld iof inatural iphenomena ifrom ian iobjective iperspective d. rejects ithe ivalues iand igoals iset iup iby isociety ANS: ia 13. iThe imajor iexistential iapplications ito ipersonality iand ipsychotherapy ihave icome ifrom ithe iworks iof ipeople, isuch ias iRollo iMay, iwho ihave ibeen itrained iin: a. existential iphilosophy b. humanistic ipsychology c. classical ipsychoanalysis d. behavior imodification ANS: ic 14. iMay ifeels ithat iwe ihave ibecome ia ination iof ijoiners iin iorder ito ihide iour ifeelings iof: a. cooperation b. dissatisfaction c. competitiveness d. hostility ANS: id 15. iThe iromantic, iback-to-the-earth imovement ican ibe iseen ias ipart iof ia ireaction ito: a. the iindiscriminate iemphasis ion itechnology b. our iemptiness iand ianxiety c. our ibelief iin iindividual icompetitiveness d. our isense iof iworth iand idignity ias ihuman ibeings ANS: ia 16. iAccording ito iMay, ithe ihuman idilemma iinvolves: a. our ifeelings iof ialienation b. the ifact ithat ipeople ican iexperience ithemselves ias iboth isubjects iand iobjects isimultaneously c. our ifeelings iof ipain iarising ifrom iemptiness d. the ifact ithat iwe ilong ifor idependence iand iindependence iat ithe isame itime ANS: ib 17. iThe iexistentialists imaintain ithat iFreud's iemphasis ion ithe iuse iof iobjective itechniques ito istudy ibehavior: a. limited ithe irange iof iphenomena ithat ihe istudied b. helped ihim ito idevelop ia icomplete iand iprecise itheory iof ihuman ibehavior c. helped ihim ito idevelop ia itheory ithat iwas ihighly istimulating ito iother iinvestigators d. helped ihim ito idevelop ia isimple ibut ielegant itheory iof ipersonality ANS: ia 18. iLee iand iRobbins ifound ithat iuniversity istudents iwho ihad: a. strong, ifulfilled ineeds ito ibelong iwere ivery ilonely b. strong, iunfulfilled ineeds ito ibelong iwere ivery ilonely c. weak, iunfulfilled ineeds ito ibelong ifelt ialienated iand ivery ilonely d. weak ineeds ifor ifriendship ihad ino ifriends ANS: ib 19. iIn iMay's iview, ithe iconflict ibetween ibeing iand inonbeing igenerates: a. fear b. anxiety c. ontological ianxiety d. neurotic ifear ANS: ic 20. iMay ibelieves ithat iour iconsciousness iis irestricted iby: a. unconscious ifactors b. severe ianxiety c. unrealistic ihopes d. the iid ANS: ib 21. iIn iMay's itheory iof ipersonality idevelopment, ithe isecond istage iis: a. one iof irebellion b. an iordinary iconsciousness iof iself c. innocence d. the icreative iconsciousness iof iself ANS: ia 22. iAccording ito iMay, ithe iprimary igoal iof itherapy iis: a. to imake iclients imore iaware iof itheir ipotential ifor igrowth ithrough ithe iexpansion iof itheir iconsciousness b. to ihelp iclients iunderstand ithe itherapist icompletely c. to iencourage iclients ito iaccept ithe istandards iof isociety d. to ihelp iclients iunderstand itheir istrengths ANS: ia 23. iAccording ito iRyckman, iMay's itheory iseems: a. empirically ivalid b. comprehensive c. precise d. easy ito itest ANS: ib 24. iIn iMay's iview: a. Skinner iplaces itoo imuch istress ion ithe isubjective iside iof ihuman ibehavior b. Rogers istresses ithe iobjective iside iof ihuman ibehavior itoo imuch c. Skinner iemphasizes ithe iobjective iside iof ibehavior itoo istrongly d. Rogers iand iSkinner iemphasize ithe iobjective iside iof ibehavior ito istrongly ANS: ic 25. iThe iterm ithat iexistentialists iuse ito idescribe ithe iunique icharacter iof ihuman iexistence iis: a. ontology b. existentialism c. psychoanalysis d. Dasein ANS: id 26. iThe ibranch iof iphilosophy ithat iexamines ithe inature iof ibeing iis: a. psychoanalysis b. entomology c. ontology d. Dasein ANS: ic 27. iAccording ito ithe iexistentialists, iorthodox iscientists isee ihuman ibeings: a. in ihighly ipersonal iterms b. as iobjects c. as ihaving ivalues ithat ican ibe istudied isubjectively d. as ihaving ian iinnate inature ithat iis igood ANS: ib 28. iIn idiscussing ihuman isexual iproblems, iMay imaintains ithat: a. too imany iof ius ihave iconfused isex iwith ilove b. people ido inot ifeel ipressured ito ihave ifrequent isexual irelationships c. sex ihelps ito imake iindividuals iaware iof itheir iessential iseparateness ifrom iothers d. the iadequacy iof ithe iindividual iis imaintained ionly iif ihe/she iavoids isex ANS: ia 29. iA imajor icharacteristic iof iexistentialism iis iits ifocus ion: a. phenomenological iexperience b. objective iexperience c. parts iof iobjective iand isubjective iexperience d. simplifying icomplex ihuman iexperience ANS: ia 30. iIn ithe imovement itoward iself-realization iMay icalls ithe ifourth istage ithe: a. autonomy iof ithe iself b. confrontation iof iself c. creative iconsciousness iof iself d. glorification iof ithe iself ANS: ic 31. iIn ia istudy iby iRyckman iand ihis icolleagues, ihypercompetitives iwere ifound ito: a. have iweak ineeds ifor ipower iand icontrol iover iothers b. be idevoid iof ihostility iand ifeelings iof isuperiority c. have ia ilack iof iconcern ifor iothers d. have istrong iconcerns ifor ithe ipoor iand iphysically iill ANS: ic 32. iExistentialism ifocuses: a. directly ion iabstract ilogic b. directly ion ipersonal iexperiences c. indirectly ion iinstincts isuch ias ipugnacity d. indirectly ion ithe iabsolute itruth ANS: ib 33. iJohn icontinues ito idefy ihis iparents iby iworking ias ia igas istation iattendant iin ia ihigh icrime iarea ilate iat inight. i iIn iterms iof ihis ipersonal idevelopment iRollo iMay iwould isay ithat iJohn iis ioperating iat ithe: a. first istage iof iconsciousness b. second istage iof iconsciousness c. third istage iof iconsciousness d. fourth istage iof iconsciousness ANS: ib 34. iIn iMay's iview, iscientists ishould: a. study iissues iusing imethodology iborrowed ifrom iphysics ior iphysiology b. study iproblems ithat iare imeaningful iusing imethods ithat ican ihelp isolve ithem c. always iassume ithat iscience iis ivalue-free iand itotally iobjective d. rely iheavily ion ithe idescriptive iorientation iused iin iastronomy ANS: ib 35. iFor ithe iexistentialists, ito ibe ihuman imeans ito: a. be icompetitive b. understand ithat iall iof iour ibehavior iis idetermined c. exercise iour ifree iwill d. understand ithat ifundamentally iour igoals iare iprovided ito ius iby iothers ANS: ic 36. iThe iphilosopher iKierkegaard ibelieved ithat itruth: a. does inot iexist b. exists ionly ias ithe iindividual iproduces iit iin iaction c. is ian iabstract iphenomenon d. can ibe idiscovered iin ieach iperson's imind ANS: ib 37. iOne icommonality ibetween ipsychoanalysis iand iexistentialism iis ithat ithey: a. see ihuman ibeings ias itotally irational b. see ihuman ibeings ias icompletely iirrational c. see ihuman ibeings ias iboth iirrational iand irational d. deemphasize ithe isexual iside iof ihuman inature ANS: ic 38. iThe iexistentialists iaccuse iFreud iof: a. creating ian ioversimplified, ireductionist iview iof ihuman ipersonality b. overemphasizing icompetition iin ihis iview iof ihuman ipersonality c. creating ia itheory iof ihuman ipersonality iwhich iis itoo icomplex d. placing itoo imuch iemphasis ion imature ilove iand iignoring imore iselfish iforms iof ilove irelationships ANS: ia 39. iAccording ito iMay, iAmericans itypically: a. refuse ito ibelong ito icivic iorganizations iand isocial iclubs b. compete ialways iin ia ihealthy iway c. feel ithat ithey iare iworthwhile d. have ilost itheir isense iof iidentity ANS: id 40. iIn iMay's iview, iAmerican isociety: a. is itoo iconcerned iwith iunderstanding iour irelationship ito inature b. is itoo iconcerned iwith ideveloping itechniques ito imaster iand icontrol inature c. is ivery ipassive iand ieasily ioverwhelmed iby ithe ipower iof inature d. has ia ihealthy iunderstanding iof iour irelationship ito inature ANS: ib 41. iMay ithinks ithat iontological ianxiety iis icreated iby: a. feelings iof ibeing ipowerful iand irational b. a ithreat ito ione's ibeing c. competition d. cooperation ANS: ib 42. iMay ibelieves ithat ithe imore iself-aware iwe iare: a. the imore iabstract iour ithinking iwill ibe b. the iless icreative iwe iwill ibe c. the imore ispontaneous iand icreative iwe iwill ibe d. the imore icautious iwe iare iin iour iinterpersonal irelationships ANS: ic 43. iIn iMay's itheory iof ipersonal idevelopment, ithe ifirst istage iis: a. one iof irebellion b. innocence c. the icreative iconsciousness iof iself d. an iordinary iconsciousness iof iself ANS: ib 44. iIn iMay's itheory iof ipersonal idevelopment, ithe ithird istage iis: a. one iof irebellion b. innocence c. an iordinary iconsciousness iof iself d. the icreative iconsciousness iof iself ANS: ic 45. iThe istage iof ithe icreative iconsciousness iof iself iis ione iof: a. innocence b. rebellion c. a itranscendence iof ithe iordinary ilimits iof iconsciousness d. limited iconsciousness ANS: ic 46. iMay imaintains ithat iexistential ianalysis: a. is ian iattitude irather ithan ia iset iof ipsychotherapeutic itechniques b. interprets ithe ipatient's idreams ialmost ialways iin iterms iof irepressed isexual iimpulses c. never irelies ion ifree iassociation d. never irelies ion itransference ANS: ia 47. iThe iexistential iapproach ito itherapy imaintains ithat: a. understanding ifollows itechnique b. technique imust iconstantly ibe iemphasized c. it iis iimpossible ito iunderstand ithe ipatient's ineeds d. technique ifollows iunderstanding ANS: id 48. iThe ifocus iin iexistential-analytic itherapy iis ion: a. the ipast iexperiences iof ithe ipatient iand itheir iinstinctual iimpulses b. the iontological ibasis iof ithe iperson's iproblems c. improving ithe ipatient's iintelligence d. the iclassical iconditioning iexperiences iof ithe ipatient ANS: ib 49. iIn ihis idiscussion iof ithe icase iof iMrs. iHutchens, iMay irealized ithat: a. she ihad ia ibiological idefect ithat icaused iher ito ispeak iwith ia iperpetual ihoarseness b. she iwas imaking ian iattempt iat ipreserving iher iexistence iby ispeaking iin ia ihoarse ivoice c. she iwas icompletely iuninhibited iin iher iprivate ilife d. her ireluctance ito idiscuss iher iproblems iwith ihim iwas ia igood isign iof iher ihostility itoward itherapists ANS: ib 50. iThe iexistential iphilosopher iSartre isaw ideath ias: a. the iultimate iabsurdity b. of iminor iimportance ito imost iindividuals c. a isign iof iultimate ibeing d. a itransition ipoint ion ithe iroad ito ia ibetter ilife iin iheaven ANS: ia 51. iMay ibelieved ithat isociety ioften: a. operates iin ithe ibest iinterests iof ipeople b. induces ipeople ito ibehave iin iself-alienating iways c. facilitates ithe ipersonal igrowth iof iits icitizens d. helps ipeople ilive iin iharmony iwith iothers ANS: ib MSC: iWWW 52. iAccording ito iMay, ithe iconflict ithat igenerates iontological ianxiety iis ibetween: a. caring iand iaffiliation b. cooperation iand igoodness c. competition iand irejection d. being iand inonbeing ANS: id MSC: iWWW 53. iIn iorder ito iunderstand ihuman ibeings, iexistentialists ifocus iprimarily ion: a. the ivalues iof iindividuals' iparents b. the ivalues iof iindividuals' iteachers c. people's iimmediate iexperiences d. people's ilove iof itheir icountry ANS: ic MSC: iWWW 54. iAccording ito ithe iexistentialists, ia iscience ithat iis iconcerned iwith iunderstanding ihuman inature: a. creates ian iabstract iand ilogical isystem iof ithought b. avoids icreating itheories iremoved ifrom ihuman iexperiences c. relies ion istudying iobjectified ihuman iexperience d. treats ihuman ibeings ias iobjects ANS: ib MSC: iWWW 55. iIn iresearch iby iCowan iand iMills ion imale iinadequacy, iit iwas ifound ithat: a. males iwho ifeel ipowerful iand iadequate iare ilikely ito ifeel ihostile itoward iwomen b. males iwho ifeel ipowerless iand iinadequate iare ilikely ito ihave ivery ihostile iand imistrustful iattitudes itoward iwomen c. females iare ialways ivery ihostile iin itheir iattitudes itoward iother iwomen, ieven imore iso ithan imales d. males iwho iare iadequate iare itruly ihypercompetitive iin itheir iattitudes itoward iwomen ANS: ib MSC: iWWW COMPLETION 1. iExistentialism iis iconcerned iwith i______________, ior ithe istudy iof ithe inature iof ibeing. ANS: iontology 2. iAccording ito iKierkegaard, i______________cannot ibe iregarded ias isomething idetached ifrom ihuman iexperience. ANS: itruth 3. iA iprimary iexistentialist icriticism iof iWestern iscience iis ithat iit itreats ipeople ias i______________. ANS: iobjects 4. iOur icapacity ito iexperience iourselves ias iboth isubject iand iobject iat ithe isame itime iis icalled ithe i______________. ANS: ihuman idilemma 5. iAll iexistentialists itake ithe i______________ ias itheir istarting ipoint iin itheir ianalyses iof ihuman iexistence. ANS: iperson 6. iExistentialists ibelieved ithat, ito ibe ihuman imeans ito iexercise i______________, ito iconsider igoals, iand ito imake iour iown ichoices iand idecisions. ANS: ifree iwill 7. iThe ifirst imode iof ibeing-in-the-world iis ithe i______________, ior ibiological ienvironment. ANS: iUmwelt 8. iSurveys ihave ishown ithat imany istudents iare ioverly i______________. ANS: imaterialistic 9. i______________ ianxiety iis ianxiety ithat iis iproportionate ito ithe ithreat ito iour ivalues. ANS: iNormal 10. iMay ibelieved ithat iexistential ianalysis iis ian i______________ irather ithan ia iset iof ipsychotherapeutic itechniques. ANS: iattitude TRUE/FALSE i 1. iExistentialists ifocus ion iour iimmediate iexperiences iin ithe iworld. ANS: iT 2. iThe isecond imode iof ibeing-in-the-world iis iMitwelt, ior ithe iworld iof iinterrelationships. ANS: iT 3. iThe ifinal imode iof ibeing-in-the-world iis iEigenwelt, ior ithe ibiological ienvironment. ANS: iF 4. iNeurotic ianxiety iis ianxiety ithat iis idisproportionate ito ithe ithreat ito iour ivalues. ANS: iT 5. iMay ibelieved ithat ipeople iwere ihealthy ionly iif ithey icontinued ito ishow idependency ion itheir iparents ithroughout ithe ilife-span. ANS: iF 6. iAccording ito iMay, iMrs. iHutchens itried ito ipreserve iher iexistence iby ispeaking iin ia ihoarse ivoice. i i ANS: iT 7. iEmpirical isupport ifor iMay's itheory iis ilimited. ANS: iT 8. iDasein iindicates ithat ia iperson iexists iin ia iparticular iplace iat ia iparticular itime. ANS: iT 9. iThe iperson iassumes ialmost igod-like istatus iin ithe iexistential idesign. i i ANS: iT 10. iExistentialism ifocuses ion iabstract ithought iand iobjective itruth. ANS: iF ESSAY 1. i iWhat iis iexistentialism? i iTrace iits iroots iin iEuropean iphilosophy. ANS: iAnswer inot iprovided 2. i iDescribe ithe isimilarities iand idifferences ibetween iexistentialism iand ipsychoanalysis. ANS: iAnswer inot iprovided 3. i iDiscuss ithe isources iof ianxiety iand ifeelings iof iloneliness iin icontemporary isociety, ias iseen iby iRollo iMay. ANS: iAnswer inot iprovided 4. i iReview iMay's iconceptualization iof ithe iprocess iof ipersonality idevelopment. ANS: iAnswer inot iprovided 5. i iAssess iMay's itheory iin iterms iof ithe isix icriteria ifor ijudging ithe iworth iof ia iscientific itheory. ANS: iAnswer inot iprovided 6. i iIn iMay's iview, iwhat iare ithe iingredients ifor ia iconstructive itherapeutic iprocess? ANS: iAnswer inot iprovided 7. i iExistential iphilosophers ioften ihave idiffering iviews iof ideath. iWhat iare ithey? ANS: iAnswer inot iprovided 8. i iDescribe ithe ifour istages iof iconsciousness. ANS: iAnswer inot iprovided 9. i iWhat iare iMay's iviews iof iscience? i iHow idoes ihis iposition idiffer ifrom ithe ione iadopted iby iorthodox iscientists? ANS: iAnswer inot iprovided 10. iWhat iis ithe ihuman idilemma? ANS: iAnswer inot iprovided