C12_TB_Krahn_WICS7e

Chapter I12: IAlternative IApproaches Ito IEconomic IOrganization I Multiple-Choice IQuestions Identify Ithe Ichoice Ithat Ibest Ianswers Ithe Iquestion. 1. I Which Iof Ithe Ifollowing Igeneralizations Ihas Iemerged Ifrom Iresearch Ion Iworker Imilitancy Iin Ivarious Icountries? a. Left-wing Ipolitical Iparties Ican Ihelp Iworkers Itranslate Itheir Igrievances Iabout Iwork Iinto Icriticisms Iof Ithe Ilarger Isociety. I b. British Iworkers Ihave Igenerally Ibeen Imore Imilitant Ithan IFrench Iworkers. I c. Participating Iin Ia Istrike Iusually Ihas Ia Isignificant Ilong-term Ieffect Ion Iworkers’ Imilitancy. I d. Umbrella Iorganizations Ilike Ithe ICanadian ILabour ICongress I(CLC) Iare Ieffective Iin Iconvincing Iunion Imembers Ito Ivote Ifor Ileft-wing Ipolitical Iparties. I ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: pp. I374–376 BLM: Higher IOrder 2. I Which Iof Ithe Ifollowing Iis Ithe Ibest Idefinition Iof Iwhat IMichael IMann Icalled I“explosions Iof Iconsciousness?” a. Short-term Ifeelings Iof Isolidarity Iwith Iother Iworkers Ithat Ican Ibe Igenerated Iby Iparticipating Iin Ia Istrike. I b. Patterns Iof Ileft-wing Ivoting Iby Iunion Imembers Iduring Ia Ispecific Ielection. I c. The Imarches Iorganized Iby Iunemployed ICanadian Iworkers Iduring Ithe IDepression. I d. General Istrikes Iagainst Igovernment Ipolicies Iinvolving Imany Idifferent Iunions. ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: p. I375 BLM: Remember 3. I Which Iof Ithe Ifollowing Istatements Ibest Idescribes Ithe Isocial Icontributions Iof Iorganizations Ilike Ithe I“Living IWage” Imovement Iand Ithe I“Clean IClothes ICampaign?” a. They Ihave Ibeen Isuccessful Iin Iforcing Igovernments Ito Iimprove Iworkplace Ihealth Iand I safety Ilegislation. I b. They Ihave Ihelped Iorganize Iunions Iin IChina, IAfrica, Iand ISouth IAsia. I c. They Ihave Isuccessfully Ibrought Itogether Icoalitions Iof Iunions Iand Iother Igroups Ito Iimprove Iworking Iconditions Iand Iraise Iwages. I d. They Ihave Iactively Ifought Iagainst Iallowing Ichildren Ito Iwork Iin Ifactories. I ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: p. I377 BLM: Remember 4. I The Ihistory Iof Iattempts Ito Ireduce Iworkplace Ihealth Iand Isafety Irisks Iin ICanada Isupports Iwhich Iof Ithe Ifollowing Igeneralizations? a. Canada Ihas Ireally Inot Imoved Ibeyond Ian I“administrative Imodel Iof Iregulation.” I b. There Ihas Ibeen Ivery Ilittle Iimprovement Iover Itime Iin Iaccident Iand Ifatality Irates. I   c. “No Ifault Icompensation Isystems” Iare Ibasically Iineffective. I d. The I“internal Iresponsibility Isystem” Iencourages Iworkers Iand Imanagement Ito Iwork Itogether Ito Ireduce Irisks. I ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: pp. I380–382 BLM: Higher IOrder 5. I The I“internal Iresponsibility Isystem” Ifor Idealing Iwith Iworkplace Ihealth Iand Isafety Iissues Iin ICanada Iis Ibest Idefined Iby Iwhich Iof Ithe Ifollowing Istatements? I a. Unions, Inot Iemployers, Iare Iresponsible Ifor Iorganizing Itheir Iown Ielections. I b. Governments Ishould Inot Iget Iinvolved Iin Idecisions Iabout Iclosing Ifactories; Ithis Iis Ithe Iresponsibility Iof Iowners Iand Imanagers. I c. Health Iand Isafety Irisks Iare Ithe Iresponsibility Iof Iboth Iworkers Iand Imanagement Iand Ican Ibe Ireduced Iby Itaking Iadvantage Iof Iworkers’ Iknowledge Iand Iexperience. I d. Individual Iworkers, Inot Itheir Iemployers, Iare Iresponsible Ifor Ihealth Iand Isafety Iissues. I ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: p. I382 BLM: Higher IOrder 6. I “No Ifault Icompensation Isystems” Ifor Idealing Iwith Iworkplace Ihealth Iand Isafety Iissues Iin ICanadian Iworkplaces Iare Icharacterized Iby Iwhich Iof Ithe Ifollowing? a. Injured Iworkers Iare Icompensated Ifor Ilost Iwages Ibut Icannot Isue Itheir Iemployer. I b. The Isystem Iis Ifunded Iby Icontributions Iprovided Iby Iboth Iworkers Iand Icompanies. I c. Companies’ Isafety Irecords Ido Inot Iaffect Ihow Imuch Ithey Ihave Ito Ipay Iinto Ithe Isystem. I d. The Isystem Iis Ijointly Ifunded Iby Iunions, Icompanies, Iand Iprovincial Igovernments. I ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: p. I382 BLM: Remember 7. I Joint IHealth Iand ISafety ICommittees I(JHSCs) Iin ICanadian Iworkplaces Ifocus Ion Iproviding Ia Irange Iof Idifferent Irights Ito Iworkers. IWhich Iof Ithe Ifollowing Iis Inot Ia Iworker Iright Iprotected Iby IJHSCs? a. The Iright Ito Ibe Iinvolved Iin Ihealth Iand Isafety Iissues. I b. The Iright Ito Irefuse Iunsafe Iwork. I c. The Iright Ito Inot Iwork Iwith Isomeone Iwho Iappears Ito Ibe Iunconcerned Iabout Isafety. d. The Iright Ito Ibe Iinformed Iabout Ipotentially Ihazardous Imaterials. I ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: p. I383 BLM: Remember 8. I Which Iof Ithe Ifollowing Iis Icorrect Iabout Iattempts Ito Iintroduce Iindustrial Idemocracy Iin INorth IAmerica? a. Industrial Idemocracy Iwas Inot Iconsidered Iin INorth IAmerica Iuntil Ithe I1980s. I b. The Ionly Ireal Iattempt Iat Iintroducing Iindustrial Idemocracy Ioccurred Iduring Ithe IDepression Iin Ithe I1930s. I c. North IAmerican Iunions Ihave Ibeen Istrong Iproponents Iof Iindustrial Idemocracy. I d. One Iof ICanada’s Iearly Iprime Iministers Iwas Ia Istrong Iadvocate Iof Iindustrial Idemocracy. I ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: pp. I387–388 BLM: Remember 9. I Which Iof Ithe Ifollowing Iis Ian Iessential Idefining Ifeature Iof I“industrial Idemocracy”? a. Effective Icommunication Ichannels Ibetween Imanagement Iand Iworkers. I b. Opportunities Ifor Iworkers Ito Idecide Ihow Ithey Ido Itheir Iown Ijob. I c. Government Ilegislation Iregarding Ihow Iworkers Imust Ibe Ipaid Iand Itreated. I d. Formal Iattempts Ito Iinvolve Iworkers Iin Idecisions Iabout Iworkplace Iissues Ithat Igo Ibeyond Ihow Ithey Ido Itheir Iown Ijobs. I ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: p. I387 BLM: Higher IOrder 10. I Which Iof Ithe Ifollowing Ibest Idescribes IGermany’s I“dual Irepresentation Isystem” Iof Iindustrial Idemocracy? a. Local Iworks Icouncils Ideal Iwith Iworking Iconditions; Iindustry-wide Iunions Inegotiate Ipay Irates. I b. Union Ilocals Inegotiate Ipay Iand Idecide Ion Istrikes; Inational Iworks Icouncils Ifocus Ion Iwork-related Ilegislation. I c. Works Icouncils Irepresent Iprofessionals; Iunions Irepresent Iall Iother Iworkers. I d. Government Ilegislates Ipay Irates; Iworks Icouncils Ifocus Ion Iother Iwork-related Ilegislation, Iand Iunions Iconcentrate Ion Ilocal Iworking Iconditions. I ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: p. I389 BLM: Remember 11. I Which Iof Ithe Ifollowing Iforms Iof Iworker Iinvolvement Iare Imost Itypical Iof Iindustrial I Idemocracy Iin IGermany? a. Mandatory Iworks Icouncils Iin Iall Ibut Ithe Ivery Ismallest Iworkplaces. I b. Extensive Iquality-of-working-life Iprograms. I c. Government Isupport Ifor Ihigh-performance Iworkplaces. I d. Widespread Iemployee Ishare Iownership Iplans. I ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: pp. I389–390 BLM: Higher IOrder 12. I Sweden’s Iapproach Ito Iindustrial Idemocracy Igoes Ibeyond IGermany’s Iapproach Iin Iwhich Iof Ithe Ifollowing Iways? a. Employees Iare Igiven Ipositions Ion Iboards Iof Idirectors Iof Icompanies. I b. Employees Ihave Irepresentation Iin Iall Ibut Ithe Ismallest Icompanies. I c. Government Ias Iwell Ias Iprivate-sector Iemployees Iare Iincluded. d. Unions Imust Ibe Igiven Icomplete Iaccess Ito Icompanies’ Ifinancial Irecords. I ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: p. I390 BLM: Higher IOrder 13. I Comparing Ithe IGerman Iand ISwedish Imodels Iof Iindustrial Idemocracy, Iwhich Iof Ithe Itwo Iwould Ilead Ito Imore Ilong-term Ijob Isecurity Ifor Iworkers, Iand Iwhy? a. Sweden, Ibecause Iof Ithe Iemphasis Ion Iproviding Ifulfilling Iwork Ifor Iall Iworkers. b. Sweden, Ibecause Iof Ithe Iemphasis Ion Inegotiation, Inot Ijust Iconsultation, Iwith Iunions. I   c. Germany, Ibecause Iof Iindustry-wide Iwage Ibargaining Iby Iunions. I d. Germany, Ibecause Iof Ithe Imuch Ilonger Itradition Iof Iworks Icouncils. I ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: p. I390 BLM: Higher IOrder 14. I Sweden’s Iapproach Ito Iindustrial Idemocracy Iis Idifferent Ifrom IGermany’s Iapproach Ibecause Iof Iwhich Iof Ithe Ifollowing? a. Sweden’s Ieconomy’s Imuch Igreater Ireliance Ion Iservices, Icompared Ito IGermany’s Imanufacturing-dominated Ieconomy. I b. The Iinfluence Iof Ithe ICommunist IParty Iin IEast IGermany Iprior Ito I1989. I c. The Imuch Ismaller Icompanies Ithat Iare Itypical Iof Ithe ISwedish Ieconomy. I d. A Ibroader Igovernment Icommitment Iin ISweden Ito Ireducing Iinequality Iand Iproviding Ifull Iemployment. I ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: p. I390 BLM: Remember 15. I What Iis Ithe Ipurpose Iof ISweden’s IWage IEarner IFunds, Iintroduced Iin I1984? a. Set Iaside Ifunds Ito Icover Ithe Icosts Iof Ibenefits Ipaid Ito Iinjured Iworkers. I b. Redirect Icorporate Itaxes Iinto Icompany Ishare Ipurchases Ifor Iemployees. I c. Reduce Ithe Igender Iwage Igap Iwithin Icompanies. I d. Pay Ifor Idaycares Iand Iother Ibenefits Ito Imake Iworkplaces Imore Ifamily-friendly. I ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: pp. I390–391 BLM: Remember 16. I In ICanada, Iabout Iwhat Ipercentage Iof Iprivate-sector Iworkers Iown Ishares Iin Itheir Icompany? I a. Less Ithan I2 Ipercent. b. About I7 Ipercent. I c. About I15 Ipercent. I d. About I30 Ipercent. ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: p. I392 BLM: Remember 17. I Which Iof Ithe Ifollowing Iconclusions Ican Ibe Idrawn Ifrom Iresearch Ion Idifferent Iapproaches Ito Iworker Iownership Iin INorth IAmerica? a. Employee Ishare Iownership Iplans I(ESOPs) Iare Imore Ilikely Ito Ibe Iavailable Ito Iworkers Iin Ismaller Icompanies. I b. Producer Ico-operatives Iare Ioften Imore Isensitive Ito Ilocal Iconcerns Iabout Ieconomic Idevelopment Ithan Iare Iprivately Iowned Icompanies. I c. Producer Ico-operatives Ihave Ionly Ibeen Isuccessful Iwhen Ithey Ihave Ibeen Ivery Ilarge. I d. Worker Ibuyouts Iare Ialmost Ialways Ieconomically Iunsuccessful. I ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: pp. I392–397 BLM: Higher IOrder   18. I Which Iof Ithe Ifollowing Iis Ia Idefining Iprinciple Iof Iproducer Ico-operatives, Icompared Ito Iother Itypes Iof Iworker Iownership? a. Governments Imust Ibe Iinvolved, Iin Iorder Ito Ibe Isuccessful. I b. Unions Imust Ibe Iincluded Iin Iall Idecisions Imade. I c. Each Ico-op Imember Iowns Ione Ishare Ionly, Iand Inon-members Icannot Iown Ishares. I d. They Iare Inot Iallowed Ito Igrow Ibeyond Ia Icertain Isize, I25 Imembers, Ifor Iexample. I ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: p. I396 BLM: Higher IOrder 19. I Which Imodel Iof Iworker Iownership Ihas Idelivered Imore Iof Ithe Idemocratizing Iand Iwork-humanizing Ioutcomes Ipromised Iby Ithe Inew Imanagerial Iparadigms Ithat Iemerged Iover Ithe Ipast Iseveral Idecades? I a. Employee Ishare Iownership Iplans I(ESOPs). I b. Worker Ibuyouts. I c. Producer Ico-operatives. I d. High-performance Iworkplaces. I ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: p. I397 BLM: Higher IOrder 20. I Which Iof Ithe Ifollowing Iobservations Iabout Ithe IMondragon Iproducer Ico-operatives Iis Icorrect? a. They Ihave Ishown Ithat Iworker Iownership Iis Isuccessful Iin ICanada Ibut Inot Ielsewhere. I b. They Idemonstrate Ihow Iindustrial Idemocracy Iand Iquality-of-working-life Iprograms Iare Inot Icompatible. I c. They Ihave Ivirtually Ieliminated Ithe Ineed Ifor Ifactory Iworkers. d. Some Iof Itheir Isuccess Ican Ibe Itraced Ito Isupport Ifrom Ithe Ilocal IRoman ICatholic IChurch. I ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: p. I397 BLM: Remember Short IAnswer IQuestions I 21. I With Irespect Ito Iapproaches Ito Ipromoting Iworkplace Ihealth Iand Isafety, Ibriefly Iexplain Iwhat Iis Imeant Iby Ithe I“administrative Imodel Iof Iregulation,” Iand Iby I“no-fault Icompensation Isystems.” I REF: Ipp. I380–382 I 22. I Briefly Idiscuss Iat Ileast Ithree Idifferent Iworkers’ Irights Ithat Icurrent ICanadian Ihealth Iand Isafety Ilegislation Iattempts Ito Iprotect. I REF: Ip. I383 I   23. I In Ia Ifew Isentences, Iexplain Iwhat Iis Imeant Iby IGermany’s I“codetermination” I(or Idual-representation) Iapproach Ito Iindustrial Idemocracy. I REF: Ip. I389 24. I Briefly Iexplain Ithe Ikey Idifference Ibetween Ia I“worker Ibuyout” Iand Ia I“producer Ico-operative.” I REF: Ip. I396 Essay IQuestions I 25. Discuss Ithe Idifferent Iways Ithat Iworkplace Ihealth Iand Isafety Iissues Ihave Ibeen Ihandled Iin ICanadian Iworkplaces Iover Ithe Ipast Icentury. IWhat Ihave Imore Irecent Iapproaches Iadded Ithat Iearlier Iapproaches Iwere Inot Icovering? IDiscuss Ikey Iissues Ithat Iyou Ibelieve Istill Ineed Ito Ibe Iaddressed. I Suggested Istudent Iresponse: IStudents Ishould Idiscuss Ithe Iadministrative Imodel Iof Iregulation, Ithe Ino-fault Icompensation Isystem, Iand Ithe Iinternal Iresponsibility Isystem I(pp. I380–383), Iwith Ithe Imost Idiscussion Iof Ithe Ilatter, Iincluding Ijoint Ihealth Iand Isafety Icommittees I(JHSCs). IA Inumber Iof Icontentious Iissues Iare Idiscussed Iin Ithe Itext I(pp. I384–386), Iincluding Iproblems Iwith Iemployer Iself-regulation, Imanagement Irights, Iand Ioverly Inarrow Idefinitions Iof Ihealth Iand Isafety Iissues. I 26. Compare Iand Icontrast Ithe Idifferent Iapproaches Ito Iindustrial Idemocracy Ifound Iin IGermany Iand ISweden. IWould Ieither Iof Ithese Iapproaches, Ior Isome Iaspects Iof Ithem, Ipossibly Ibe Iuseful Iin ICanada? IExplain Iyour Ianswer. I Suggested Istudent Iresponse: IStudents Ishould Idefine Iindustrial Idemocracy I(p. I387) Iand Ioutline Ihow Iit Iworks Iin IGermany Iand ISweden I(pp. I388–391). IA Igood Ianswer Iwill Iaddress Icodetermination, Idual Irepresentation, Iand Idescribe Ithe Isimilarities/differences Ibetween Ihow Iindustrial Idemocracy Iworks Iin Ithe Itwo Icountries. IThe Ilast Ipart Iof Ithe Iquestion Iis Ifairly Iopen-ended. IHere Istudents Imay Idescribe Ithe Ihistory Iof Isocial Idemocracy/work Icouncils Iin ICanada Iand Iaddress Ihow Ithis Imight Imake Iit Imore/less Idifficult Ito Iimplement Iaspects Iof Iindustrial Idemocracy Itoday. 27. Outline Ithe Idifferences Iand Isimilarities Ibetween Iworker Ibuyouts Iand Iproducer Ico-operatives, Iand Idiscuss Ithe Ibarriers Ieach Iof Ithese Ialternative Iapproaches Ito Ieconomic Iorganization Imight Iface. IIn Iyour Iopinion, Iwhich, Iif Iany, Iof Ithese Iapproaches Iwould Ihave Ithe Igreatest Ichance Iof Ibeing Isuccessful Iin Iyour Icommunity? IExplain Iwhy. I Suggested Istudent Iresponse: IA Igood Ianswer Iwould Igo Ibeyond Idefining Iand Idescribing Ithese Itwo Itypes Iof Iworker Iownership I(pp. I393–397) Ito Inote Ithat Iworker Ibuyouts Icould Iresult Iin Iproducer Ico-operatives, Ibut Iseldom Ido. IPeople Iwho Istart Ico-operatives Ihave Ivery Idifferent Igoals Ithan Ipeople Iwho Iare Itrying Ito Irescue Ifailing Iindustries Iorganized Ias Itraditional Icapitalist Ienterprises. IAs Ia Iresult, Ico-operatives Iare Imuch Imore Ilikely Ito Iemphasize Idemocratic Idecision Imaking, Iquality Iof Iwork Ilife, Iand Icommunity Isustainability. IOther Iobservations Ithat Istudents Imight Imake Iinclude: I(1) Iboth Itypes Iof Iorganization Iface Iproblems Iin Iobtaining Iloans Ifrom Ibanks; I(2) Iworkers Iinvolved Iin Ibuyouts Ioften Ihave Ito Ihire Ioutside Iexperts Ito Iassist Ithem, Iwhile Iproducer Ico-operatives Itypically Iinvolve Ipeople Iwho Iare Ialready Iexperts Iin Itheir Ioccupations Iinvolved; Iand I(3) Iby Iinsisting Ion I“one Ivote Iper Imember” Iand Iby Inot Iallowing Imembers Ito Isell Ishares, Iproducer Ico-operatives Iare Imore Isuccessful Iin Inot Ilosing Icontrol Iof Itheir Ienterprises Ito I“outsiders.” I 28. See IDiscussion IQuestions Iat Ithe Iend Iof IChapter I12 Ifor Iadditional Iideas Ifor Iexamination Iessay Iquestions. I