C14_TB_Krahn_WICS7e

Chapter I14: IJob ISatisfaction, IAlienation, Iand IWork-Related IStress I Multiple-Choice IQuestions Identify Ithe Ichoice Ithat Ibest Ianswers Ithe Iquestion. 1. I When Iasked Ia Igeneral Iquestion Iabout Ihow Isatisfied Ithey Iare Iwith Itheir Ijob, Iabout Iwhat Iproportion Iof ICanadian Iworkers Iindicate Ithat Ithey Iare Isomewhat Ior Ivery Isatisfied? I a. Less Ithan I25 Ipercent. I b. About I35 Ipercent. I c. About I50 Ipercent. I d. 70 Ipercent Ior Imore. I ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: p. I433 BLM: Remember 2. I Which Iof Ithe Ifollowing Iis Ia I“behavioural Iintention” Imeasure Iof Ijob Isatisfaction? a. All Iin Iall, Ihow Isatisfied Iare Iyou Iwith Iyour Ijob? I b. Would Iyou Irecommend Iyour Ijob Ito Iyour Ibest Ifriend? I c. Is Iyour Icurrent Ijob Ibetter Ior Iworse Ithan Iyour Ilast Ijob? d. Which Iterm Ibest Idescribes Iyour Ijob: I“poor” Ior I“excellent”? I ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: p. I434 BLM: Higher IOrder 3. I Younger Iworkers Itypically Ireport Ilower Ijob Isatisfaction. IThis Imay Ibe Ibecause Ithe Iyounger Igeneration Ihas Ihigher Ijob Iexpectations, Iwhich Iwill Ibe Iharder Ito Imeet. IWhich Iof Ithe Ifollowing Iterms Iwould Ibe Ithe Ibest Ilabel Ifor Ithis Iargument? a. Cohort Ieffect. I b. Aging Ieffect. I c. Life-cycle Ieffect. d. Self-selection Ieffect. I ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: p. I435 BLM: Higher IOrder 4. I Older Iworkers Itypically Ireport Ihigher Ijob Isatisfaction. IThis Imay Ibe Ibecause, Iover Itime, Iolder Iworkers Ihave Ireduced Itheir Iexpectations Iabout Iwhat Ia Igood Ijob Ishould Iprovide, Iand Ihence Iare Imore Ieasily Isatisfied. IWhich Iof Ithe Ifollowing Iterms Iwould Ibe Ithe Ibest Ilabel Ifor Ithis Iargument? a. Cohort Ieffect. I b. Aging Ieffect. I c. Life-cycle Ieffect. d. Self-selection Ieffect. I ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: p. I435 BLM: Higher IOrder   5. I Which Iof Ithe Ifollowing Igeneralizations Ibest Idescribes Ithe Irelationship Ibetween Igender Iand Ijob Isatisfaction? I a. Similar Iproportions Iof Iwomen Iand Imen Isay Ithey Iare Isatisfied Iwith Itheir Ijob. I b. Women Iare Iless Ilikely Ithan Imen Ito Isay Ithey Iare Isatisfied Iwith Itheir Ijob. I c. Men Iare Iless Ilikely Ithan Iwomen Ito Isay Ithey Iare Isatisfied Iwith Itheir Ijob. d. Younger Iwomen Iare Imore Isatisfied Iwith Itheir Ijobs Icompared Ito Iyoung Imen, Ibut Ithe Irelationship Iis Ireversed Ifor Iolder Iwomen Iand Imen. I ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: p. I436 BLM: Remember 6. I Which Iof Ithe Ifollowing Ijob Icharacteristics Iwould Ibe Icalled Ian I“extrinsic” Iwork Ireward? a. Friendly Iworkmates. I b. The Iopportunity Ito Ijoin Ia Iunion. I c. Job Isecurity. I d. The Iopportunity Ito Imake Idecisions Iabout Ione’s Ijob. I ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: p. I438 BLM: Remember 7. I According Ito IFrederick IHerzberg’s I“two-factor Itheory” Iof Ijob Isatisfaction, Iwhich Iof Ithe Ifollowing Iwork Isituations Iwould Ibe Ilikely Ito Ireduce Ijob Idissatisfaction? I a. A Imore Ieven Idistribution Iof Ifemale Iand Imale Iemployees. I b. Opportunities Ito Idevelop Iskills. I c. The Ipresence Iof Ia Iunion Iin Ithe Iworkplace. d. Improved Iphysical Iworking Iconditions. I ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: p. I438 BLM: Higher IOrder 8. I According Ito IFrederick IHerzberg’s I“two-factor Itheory” Iof Ijob Isatisfaction, Iwhich Iof Ithe Ifollowing Iwork Isituations Iwould Ibe Ilikely Ito Iincrease Ijob Isatisfaction? I a. A Imore Ieven Idistribution Iof Ifemale Iand Imale Iemployees. I b. Opportunities Ito Idevelop Iskills. I c. The Ipresence Iof Ia Iunion Iin Ithe Iworkplace. d. Higher Isalaries. I ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: p. I438 BLM: Higher IOrder 9. I Which Iof Ithe Ifollowing Ipropositions Iis Icentral Ito IArne IKalleberg’s Itheory Iof Ijob Isatisfaction? a. An Iindividual’s Iwork Iorientations Ihave Ithe Ilargest Ieffect Ion Iher/his Ijob Isatisfaction. b. Extrinsic Irewards Iare Imore Iimportant Ifor Ijob Isatisfaction Ithan Iare Iintrinsic Irewards.   c. Job Isatisfaction Iis Idetermined Iby Ithe Ifit Ior Imismatch Ibetween Iwork Iorientations Iand Iwork Irewards. I d. Social Irelationships Ihave Ithe Ilargest Ieffect Ion Ijob Isatisfaction Iin Imodern Isociety. I ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: p. I439 BLM: Higher IOrder 10. I Canadian Iresearch Ion Ithe Igap Ibetween Iwork Ipreferences Iand Iwork Irewards Ireveals Ithe Ilargest Igap Ifor Iwhich Iof Ithe Ifollowing Ijob Icharacteristics? a. Interesting Iwork. I b. Opportunities Ifor Icareer Iadvancement. I c. Good Ipay. d. Opportunities Ito Imake Idecisions. I ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: p. I440 BLM: Remember 11. I Approximately Iwhat Iproportion Iof ICanadian Iworkers Ireport Ithat Ithey Ifeel Ioverqualified Ifor Itheir Ijob? a. About I10 Ipercent. I b. About I25 Ipercent. I c. About I50 Ipercent. d. About I65 Ipercent. I ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: p. I443 BLM: Remember 12. I Which Iof Ithe Ifollowing Iis Ithe Ibest Isummary Iof Iresearch Ion Ithe Irelationship Ibetween Ijob Isatisfaction Iand Iworker Iproductivity? a. The Irelationship Iis Ifound Iin Ionly Isome Iwork Isettings I(high-complexity Ijobs, Ifor Iexample). I b. Research Iconsistently Ishows Ithat Imore Isatisfied Iworkers Iare Ialso Imore Iproductive. I c. The Irelationship Iis Imuch Iweaker Iin Iworkplaces Iwhere Iunions Iare Ipresent. I d. The Irelationship Iexists Ifor Imiddle-aged Iand Iolder Iworkers, Ibut Inot Iyoung Iworkers. I ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: p. I444 BLM: Higher IOrder 13. I Which Iof Ithe Ifollowing Ipropositions Iis Icentral Ito IRobert IBlauner’s Iargument Iin Ihis Ibook IAlienation Iand IFreedom? a. Alienation Iis Ia Ikey Ifeature Iof Icapitalism, Iand Ivaries Ilittle Iacross Iindustries. I b. Worker Iownership Iof Ithe Imeans Iof Iproduction Iis Inecessary Ito Ireduce Ialienation. I c. Automated Itechnologies Ithat Idemand Ihigh Iskill Ilevels Ilead Ito Ireduced Ialienation. d. Industrial Idemocracy Ioffers Ithe Ibest Ihope Iof Ireducing Ialienation Iin Ithe Iworkplace. I ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: pp. I446–447 BLM: Remember   14. I What Iis Ithe Ikey Idifference Ibetween IRobert IBlauner’s Ianalysis Iof Iwork Iin Imodern Isociety Iand IRichard ISennett’s Ianalysis? a. Blauner Iemphasized Iflexibility Iand Ichange Iin Iwork Iorganizations, Iwhile ISennett Iemphasizes Ithe Iimpact Iof Idifferent Itechnologies. I b. Blauner Iwas Imost Icritical Iof Ibureaucracy, Iwhile ISennett Iis Imost Icritical Iof Icapitalism. I c. Blauner Ibelieved Ithat Ialienation Iwas Ideclining, Iwhile ISennett Ibasically Ithinks Iit Iis Iincreasing. I d. Blauner Iwrote Iabout Ijob Isatisfaction, Iwhile ISennett Iwrote Iabout Iwork-related Istress. I ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: pp. I447–448 BLM: Higher IOrder 15. I According Ito IKarasek’s Itheory Iof Ijob Istress, Iwhich Iof Ithe Ifollowing Iworking Iconditions Iwould Ibe Imost Ilikely Ito Icause Ihigh Istress? a. Low Ijob Idemands Iand Ilittle Isocial Isupport. I b. High Ijob Idemands Iand Ilow Iemployee Imorale. I c. Low Ijob Idemands Iand Ipoor Isupervision. d. High Ijob Idemands Iand Ilittle Iemployee Icontrol. I ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: p. I452 BLM: Remember 16. I Which Iof Ithe Ifollowing Ifactors Idoes Ithe I“person–environment Ifit” Imodel Iadd Ito Iour Iunderstanding Iof Iworkplace Istress? a. Work Iorientations. I b. Job Isatisfaction. I c. Alienation. I d. Work Ivalues. I ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: p. I454 BLM: Remember 17. I Which Iis Ithe Ikey Idifference Ibetween Ithe I“person–environment Ifit” I(A) Iand Ithe I“demand–control” I(B) Iexplanations Iof Iworkplace Istress? a. A Iis Imost Iapplicable Ito Ithe Iservice Iindustries; IB Iapplies Ito Iall Iindustries. I b. A Ifocuses Imainly Ion Ijob Icharacteristics; IB Ialso Iconsiders Iwork Iorientations. I c. A Ifocuses Imainly Ion Isources Iof Iworkplace Istress; IB Ifocuses Imainly Ion Iconsequences. I d. A Iemphasizes Iindividual Isolutions Ito Idealing Iwith Istress; IB Iemphasizes Istructural Ichanges Ito Ireduce Istress. I ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: p. I455 BLM: Higher IOrder 18. I Rodrigo, Ian Iassembly-line Iworker, Ispends Imuch Iof Ihis Iweekends Iplaying Idrums Iin Ia Ijazz Igroup. IMatthew, Iwho Iworks Ion Ithe Isame Iassembly Iline, Ispends Imost Iof Ihis Iweekends Iwatching Imovies Iand Isports Ion Itelevision. IWhich Iof Ithe Ifollowing Igeneralizations Ifits Ibest Iwith Ifindings Ifrom IMartin IMeissner’s Iresearch Ion I“the Ilong Iarm Iof Ithe Ijob?” a. Rodrigo Iis Ia Igood Iexample Iof Isomeone Iwith Iinstrumental Iwork Iorientations. I b. On Iaverage, Imore Iworkers Iare Ilike IRodrigo. I c. On Iaverage, Imore Iworkers Iare Ilike IMatthew. I d. Rodrigo Iis Itypical Iof Iyounger Iworkers; IMatthew Iis Ia Itypical Iolder Iworker. I ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: pp. I456–457 BLM: Higher IOrder 19. I Which Iof Ithe Ifollowing Iis Ithe Ibest Idescription Iof IMartin IMeissner’s I“compensatory Ileisure” Ihypothesis? a. Job Isatisfaction Iincreases Iif Iemployees Ican Iparticipate Iin Icompany-sponsored Ileisure Iactivities. I b. Compared Ito Ithe Ipast, Imany Imore ICanadians Iprefer Ileisure Ito Iwork. I c. People Ilook Ifor Inon-work Iactivities Ithat Ican Imake Iup Ifor Iwhat Ithey Imiss Iat Iwork. I d. Young Iworkers Iprefer Ibenefit Ipackages Ithat Iinclude Ifitness-club Ioptions Ito Ipackages Ithat Iemphasize Ipensions Iand Ilife Iinsurance. I ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: p. I456 BLM: Remember 20. I Which Iof Ithe Ifollowing Iwas Idemonstrated Iby IMelvin IKohn’s Iresearch Ion I“occupational Iself-direction?” a. Workers Iin Imore Icomplex Ijobs Ibecome Iless Ifatalistic Iand Imore Iself-confident. I b. People Iwith Ifew Ithings Ithat Iinterest Ithem Iare Imore Ilikely Ito Ichoose Ijobs Ithat Irequire Ilittle Ithinking. I c. Many Ipeople Ibecome Iself-employed Ibecause Ithey Idon’t Ilike Itaking Idirections Ifrom Iother Ipeople. I d. People Iworking Ialone Iare Igenerally Imore Isatisfied Ithan Ithose Iwho Iwork Iin Igroups. I ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: p. I457 BLM: Remember Short IAnswer IQuestions I 21. Sandy IStewart Iand IBob IBlackburn Imade Ian Iimportant Iconceptual Idistinction Ibetween Ijob Isatisfaction Iand Iwhat Iindividual Iworkers Iwould Ilike Iwith Irespect Ito Iemployment. IBriefly Ioutline Ithe Ikey Ipoint Ithey Iwere Imaking. I REF: Ip. I434 I 22. I Researchers Itypically Ifind Ithat Iolder Iworkers Iare Imore Isatisfied Iwith Itheir Ijobs, Iand Iattribute Ithis Ifinding Ito Ia Ivariety Iof Idifferent Iprocesses. IIn Ia Isentence Ifor Ieach, Iexplain Iwhat Iis Imeant Iby Ian I“aging Ieffect,” Ia I“job Ieffect,” Iand Ia I“life-cycle Ieffect.” I REF: Ip. I435 I 23. I Briefly Ioutline IFrederick IHerzberg’s I“two-factor Itheory” Iof Ijob Isatisfaction. I REF: Ip. I438 I   24. I Briefly Ioutline IKarasek’s I“demand–control” Imodel Iof Iworkplace Istress. I REF: Ip. I452 I Essay IQuestions I 25. I When Isurveyed, Ia Ilarge Imajority Iof ICanadian Iworkers Iindicate Ithat Ithey Iare Isatisfied Iwith Itheir Ijob, Ia Ifinding Ithat Ipuzzles Isome Isociologists. IDiscuss Isuch Isurvey Ifindings Iand Ithe Iexplanations Isociologists Ihave Iprovided Ifor Ithe Ihigh Ilevel Iof Iapparent Ijob Isatisfaction. I Suggested Istudent Iresponse: IStudents Ishould Ihave Isome Isense Iof Ihow Ijob Isatisfaction Iquestions Iare Itypically Iasked Ion Isurveys, Iand Iwhat Ithe Iresults Ilook Ilike. IA Icomparison Iof Iresults Ifrom Iquestions Iabout I“behavioural Iintentions” Iwould Ibe Iuseful. IA Igood Ianswer Iwould Idistinguish Ibetween I“satisfaction” Iand I“liking” I(p. I434) Iand Iwould Iexplore Ithe Ipsychological Ireasons Iwhy Iworkers Imight Ibe Ioverly Ipositive Iin Itheir Iresponses Ito Istandard Ijob Isatisfaction Iquestions. I 26. Discuss Ithe Inegative Iconsequences Iof Ijob Idissatisfaction. IWill Iworker Iproductivity Igo Iup Iif Ijob Isatisfaction Iincreases Iin Ia Iworkplace? IWhy Ior Iwhy Inot? I Suggested Istudent Iresponse: IStudents Ishould Ibe Iable Ito Ilist Inegative Ioutcomes Isuch Ias Iincreased Isick Ileave, Imore Igrievances Ifiled Iwith Iunions, Iand Imore Iworkplace Ideviance. IA Ibetter Ianswer Iwould Inote Ithat Idissatisfaction Idoes Inot Inecessarily Ilead Ito Iquitting Ibehaviour, Isince Imany Iworkers Idon’t Ihave Ithe Ioption Ito Iquit. IResearch Ifindings Ion Ithe Ilink Ibetween Isatisfaction Iand Iproductivity Iare Imixed, Iand Istudents Ishould Ibe Iable Ito Ispeculate Iabout Isome Ipossible Ireasons I(p. I444). IA Ibetter Ianswer Iwould Idiscuss Ithe Ipossibility Ithat Isatisfaction Iand Iproductivity Iare Ilinked Ionly Iin Icertain Iconditions. I 27. I Based Ion Iwhat Iyou Ihave Iread Iin IChapter I14, Idescribe Ithe Itype Iof Ijob Ithat Iyou Ithink Iyou Iwould Ifind Imost Isatisfying. IOutline Ithe Itheory Ior Itheories Ithat Isupport Iyour Iposition. I Suggested Istudent Iresponse: IAnswers Ito Ithis Iquestion Icould Igo Iin Imany Idifferent Idirections. IA Igood Ianswer Ishould Imake Iappropriate Iuse Iof Iconcepts Iintroduced Iin IChapters I13 Iand I14 I(e.g., Iwork Iorientations, Iintrinsic Iand Iextrinsic Iwork Irewards) Iand Ishould Ireference Iand Ioutline Isome Itheories Iof Ijob Isatisfaction I(e.g., IHerzberg, IKalleberg). ITheories Iabout Ialienation I(e.g., IBlauner, ISennett) Ior Istress I(person–environment Ifit; Idemand–control) Imight Ialso Ibe Idiscussed, Ibut Istudents Ishould Irealize Ithat Ithese Itheories Ifocus Ion Ialienation Iand Iworkplace Istress, Irather Ithan Ion Ijob Isatisfaction I(although Iall Ithree Ioverlap). IA Iparticularly Igood Ianswer Imight Ireference Iresearch Ifindings Ion Ithe Irelationship Ibetween Ijob Isatisfaction Iand Iage, Ieducation, Iand Igender, Iand Ithen Inote Ithat Ithe Iperson Ianswering Ithe Iquestion Ifits Ithese Itypical Ifindings Ior Idoes Inot, Iand Iwhy. I 28. See IDiscussion IQuestions Iat Ithe Iend Iof IChapter I14 Ifor Iadditional Iideas Ifor Iexamination Iessay Iquestions. I