BLS KEY CONCEPTS AND REVISION
NOTES
◉ BVM
Answer: A two-person technique for bag-valve-mask (BVM)
ventilations is the preferred methodology for multiple-provider
CPR because it provides a better seal and ventilation volume. To
perform this technique, one provider seals the mask and
maintains an open airway while the other provider delivers
ventilations.
When there is only one provider to deliver ventilations during
multiple-provider CPR, the ventilator may consider using a pocket
mask over a BVM resuscitator for a better seal and ventilation
volume. However, it is recognized that factors such as limited
personnel or the need to perform other time critical interventions
may preclude using two-person BVM technique. Also, BVM may be
preferred to pocket mask for supplemental oxygen, positive end-
expiratory pressure (PEEP) and infection control. In these
situations, one-person BVM is acceptable.
◉ What is the correct volume of air to deliver during BVM
ventilations?
Answer: 400-700 mL
◉ Chest Compression Fraction (CCF)
Answer: a CCF of at least 60% is needed to promote optimal
outcomes, and the goal should be 80%.
,◉ A 9-year-old child is in cardiac arrest. You and another provider
are present. The child's parents/legal guardians are not present.
You stay with the child to begin CPR. Which actions would be
appropriate for the second provider to do?
Answer: - Activate EMS, rapid response or resuscitation team.
- Retrieve AED and resuscitation equipment.
◉ You and another provider are performing CPR on a 6-month old
infant. The provider performing chest compressions would use
which technique?
Answer: encircling thumbs technique
◉ You are caring for a child who is in respiratory arrest with a
central pulse of 55 bpm and signs of poor perfusion. What should
you do?
Answer: Start CPR immediately
◉ You initiate CPR on an 11-year-old patient who shows signs of
puberty, including breast development. Which CPR/AED guideline
should you follow?
Answer: adult
◉ You would use pediatric AED pads for which children?
Answer: Children 55 lbs and under
, ◉ You and another provider are performing CPR on an infant who
is in cardiac arrest. He does not have an advanced airway in place.
You demonstrate appropriate technique for high-quality CPR by
performing _____ compressions and 2 ventilations.
Answer: 15
◉ When drowning is suspected as the cause of cardiac arrest in a
child or infant, deliver 2 initial ventilations before starting CPR.
You may also consider delivering 2 initial ventilations before
starting CPR on a child or infant with a primary respiratory
etiology. True or False?
Answer: True
◉ A 5-year-old child experiences cardiac arrest and requires CPR.
You ensure that high-quality CPR is administered when you
compress the chest to which depth?
Answer: about 2"
◉ After determining an 8-year-old child is unresponsive, what is
the best site to check for a pulse?
Answer: Carotid (neck)
◉ When providing CPR to a child or infant with an advanced
airway in place, one provider should deliver 1 ventilation every 2
to 3 seconds, while the other provider delivers continuous chest
compressions without pausing for ventilations. True or false?
Answer: True
NOTES
◉ BVM
Answer: A two-person technique for bag-valve-mask (BVM)
ventilations is the preferred methodology for multiple-provider
CPR because it provides a better seal and ventilation volume. To
perform this technique, one provider seals the mask and
maintains an open airway while the other provider delivers
ventilations.
When there is only one provider to deliver ventilations during
multiple-provider CPR, the ventilator may consider using a pocket
mask over a BVM resuscitator for a better seal and ventilation
volume. However, it is recognized that factors such as limited
personnel or the need to perform other time critical interventions
may preclude using two-person BVM technique. Also, BVM may be
preferred to pocket mask for supplemental oxygen, positive end-
expiratory pressure (PEEP) and infection control. In these
situations, one-person BVM is acceptable.
◉ What is the correct volume of air to deliver during BVM
ventilations?
Answer: 400-700 mL
◉ Chest Compression Fraction (CCF)
Answer: a CCF of at least 60% is needed to promote optimal
outcomes, and the goal should be 80%.
,◉ A 9-year-old child is in cardiac arrest. You and another provider
are present. The child's parents/legal guardians are not present.
You stay with the child to begin CPR. Which actions would be
appropriate for the second provider to do?
Answer: - Activate EMS, rapid response or resuscitation team.
- Retrieve AED and resuscitation equipment.
◉ You and another provider are performing CPR on a 6-month old
infant. The provider performing chest compressions would use
which technique?
Answer: encircling thumbs technique
◉ You are caring for a child who is in respiratory arrest with a
central pulse of 55 bpm and signs of poor perfusion. What should
you do?
Answer: Start CPR immediately
◉ You initiate CPR on an 11-year-old patient who shows signs of
puberty, including breast development. Which CPR/AED guideline
should you follow?
Answer: adult
◉ You would use pediatric AED pads for which children?
Answer: Children 55 lbs and under
, ◉ You and another provider are performing CPR on an infant who
is in cardiac arrest. He does not have an advanced airway in place.
You demonstrate appropriate technique for high-quality CPR by
performing _____ compressions and 2 ventilations.
Answer: 15
◉ When drowning is suspected as the cause of cardiac arrest in a
child or infant, deliver 2 initial ventilations before starting CPR.
You may also consider delivering 2 initial ventilations before
starting CPR on a child or infant with a primary respiratory
etiology. True or False?
Answer: True
◉ A 5-year-old child experiences cardiac arrest and requires CPR.
You ensure that high-quality CPR is administered when you
compress the chest to which depth?
Answer: about 2"
◉ After determining an 8-year-old child is unresponsive, what is
the best site to check for a pulse?
Answer: Carotid (neck)
◉ When providing CPR to a child or infant with an advanced
airway in place, one provider should deliver 1 ventilation every 2
to 3 seconds, while the other provider delivers continuous chest
compressions without pausing for ventilations. True or false?
Answer: True
