WGU D027 PATHOPHYSIOLOGY FINAL EXAM
PRACTICE ASSESSMENT WITH EXPLAINED
ANSWERS
◉ ADH (antidiuretic Hormone).
Answer: Major homeostatic function of posterior pituitary is control
of plasma osmolality, as regulated by ADH
◉ Hypothalamic hormones and target tissues (Hypophysiotropic
hormones).
Answer: HORMONES: Thyrotropin Releasing Hormone (TRH),
Gonadotropoin-releasing hormone (GnRH), Somatostatin, Growth
hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH), corticotropin-releasing
hormone (CRH),
Substance P, Dopamine, Prolactin-releasing factor.
TARGET Tissue: Anterior Pituitary
◉ Somatostatin.
Answer: Inhibits release of growth hormone and TSH
◉ Gonadotropoin-releasing hormone.
Answer: Stimulates release of FSH and LH
,◉ Dopamine.
Answer: Inhibits synthesis and secretion of prolactin
◉ Prolactin-releasing factor (PRF).
Answer: Stimulate secretion of prolactin
◉ Tropic Hormones of Anterior Pituitary and their function.
Answer: ACTH, Melanocyte-stimulating Hormone (MSH,
Somatotropic hormones, GH, prolactin, LH, TSH, FSH, glycoprotein
hormones
◉ Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH).
Answer: SECRETORY CELL TYPE: Corticotropic
TARGET ORGANS: Adrenal Gland (cortex)
FUNCTIONS: Increased steroidogenesis (cortisol, and androgenic
hormones
◉ Prolactin,.
Answer: Milk production
◉ TSH.
,Answer: Increased production and secretion of thyroid hormone
◉ Luteinizing Hormone (LH).
Answer: Ovulation, progesterone production (in glanulosa cells)
◉ Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH).
Answer: Follicle maturation, estrogen production (In Women:
Granulosa Cells, In Men: Sertoli Cells)
◉ B-Lipotropin.
Answer: Fat breakdown and release of fatty acids (Corticotropic,
from Adipose Cells)
◉ B-Endorphins.
Answer: Analgesia; may regulate body temp, food and water intake
(Corticotropic, Adipose cells, brain opioid receptors)
◉ ADH functions.
Answer: Homeostasis, control plasma osmolality. Acts of
Vasopressin 2 (V2) receptors of renal tubular cells to increase
permeability which leads to increased water reabsorption into the
blood and production of more concentrated urine, these may be
inhibited by hypercalcemia, prostaglandin E, and hypokalemia.
, ◉ Osmoreceptors.
Answer:
◉ High levels of ADH.
Answer: Acts on Vasopressin 1 receptors causing vasoconstriction
◉ ADH secretion is controlled by:.
Answer: osmoreceptors of the hypothalamus. Stimulated by
increased plasma osmolality, then ADH secretion is increased, water
is then reabsorbed from the kidney, and plasma is diluted to its'
setpoint osmolality (280 mOsm/kg). ADH has an indirect affect on
electrolyte levels due to increased water reabsorption. Electrolytes
may decrease.
ADH secretion is also increased by changes in intravascular volume
monitored by mechanoreceptors in left atrium and carotid and
aortic arches. Volume loss through trauma (7%-25%) acts on
receptors to stimulate ADH secretion.
◉ ADH secretion decreased with:.
Answer: Decrease in plasma osmolality, increase in intravascular
volume, hypertension, increase in estrogen, progesterone,
angiotensin II levels, and alcohol ingestion
◉ ADH (given as Vasopressin) may help to:.
PRACTICE ASSESSMENT WITH EXPLAINED
ANSWERS
◉ ADH (antidiuretic Hormone).
Answer: Major homeostatic function of posterior pituitary is control
of plasma osmolality, as regulated by ADH
◉ Hypothalamic hormones and target tissues (Hypophysiotropic
hormones).
Answer: HORMONES: Thyrotropin Releasing Hormone (TRH),
Gonadotropoin-releasing hormone (GnRH), Somatostatin, Growth
hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH), corticotropin-releasing
hormone (CRH),
Substance P, Dopamine, Prolactin-releasing factor.
TARGET Tissue: Anterior Pituitary
◉ Somatostatin.
Answer: Inhibits release of growth hormone and TSH
◉ Gonadotropoin-releasing hormone.
Answer: Stimulates release of FSH and LH
,◉ Dopamine.
Answer: Inhibits synthesis and secretion of prolactin
◉ Prolactin-releasing factor (PRF).
Answer: Stimulate secretion of prolactin
◉ Tropic Hormones of Anterior Pituitary and their function.
Answer: ACTH, Melanocyte-stimulating Hormone (MSH,
Somatotropic hormones, GH, prolactin, LH, TSH, FSH, glycoprotein
hormones
◉ Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH).
Answer: SECRETORY CELL TYPE: Corticotropic
TARGET ORGANS: Adrenal Gland (cortex)
FUNCTIONS: Increased steroidogenesis (cortisol, and androgenic
hormones
◉ Prolactin,.
Answer: Milk production
◉ TSH.
,Answer: Increased production and secretion of thyroid hormone
◉ Luteinizing Hormone (LH).
Answer: Ovulation, progesterone production (in glanulosa cells)
◉ Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH).
Answer: Follicle maturation, estrogen production (In Women:
Granulosa Cells, In Men: Sertoli Cells)
◉ B-Lipotropin.
Answer: Fat breakdown and release of fatty acids (Corticotropic,
from Adipose Cells)
◉ B-Endorphins.
Answer: Analgesia; may regulate body temp, food and water intake
(Corticotropic, Adipose cells, brain opioid receptors)
◉ ADH functions.
Answer: Homeostasis, control plasma osmolality. Acts of
Vasopressin 2 (V2) receptors of renal tubular cells to increase
permeability which leads to increased water reabsorption into the
blood and production of more concentrated urine, these may be
inhibited by hypercalcemia, prostaglandin E, and hypokalemia.
, ◉ Osmoreceptors.
Answer:
◉ High levels of ADH.
Answer: Acts on Vasopressin 1 receptors causing vasoconstriction
◉ ADH secretion is controlled by:.
Answer: osmoreceptors of the hypothalamus. Stimulated by
increased plasma osmolality, then ADH secretion is increased, water
is then reabsorbed from the kidney, and plasma is diluted to its'
setpoint osmolality (280 mOsm/kg). ADH has an indirect affect on
electrolyte levels due to increased water reabsorption. Electrolytes
may decrease.
ADH secretion is also increased by changes in intravascular volume
monitored by mechanoreceptors in left atrium and carotid and
aortic arches. Volume loss through trauma (7%-25%) acts on
receptors to stimulate ADH secretion.
◉ ADH secretion decreased with:.
Answer: Decrease in plasma osmolality, increase in intravascular
volume, hypertension, increase in estrogen, progesterone,
angiotensin II levels, and alcohol ingestion
◉ ADH (given as Vasopressin) may help to:.
