Native Studies Final Examination Study Guide - Updated for Current Exam

Native Studies Final Examination Study Guide - Updated for Current Exam why we say settler -Lowman & Barker - answer - -examines settler identity -need to acknowledge term settler; defining canadian correctly -settler: voices relationships 2 structures & processes in Canada today to Indig pals, and our own action, turns us word uncomfy realizations & potential complicity in systems of violence & dispossession, a tool/way of understanding & choosing 2 act diff, a construction; collective of ppl w/ communities thru connections 2 land &place formed via violence & displacement -canada has no legal grounds 4 its own sovereignty -indigenous resistance & land claims scares the state Canadian discourse on Indigenous ppls 1) conservative: inspired by Flanagan & Black; gift of civilization 2) liberal & progressive; multicultural, recognition, appreciation, special minority rights = both discourses want to improve canadian society & making it equal for everyone, indigenous ppl pose a problem to Canada to be dealt with so they can continue being 'canadian', -for Canada to exist it need to control and discipline Indig lives 2 make space 4 newcomes; attempt to fix 'The Indian Problem' -Taiike Alfred: multiculturalism is used to separate indigenous pals from their land as their source of physical & spiritual power, settler term being used due to indigenous resurgence, challenge the vanishing indian myth -possibility of indigenous ppl existing as distinct nations disappered by the 1960's & 70's: White paper: legally terminate financial & legal obligations to "Indians" -82' patriation of Constitution: anglo vs french canadian= indigenous had to fight to make their voices heard in the negotiations -Oka "Crisis" or "Standoff" Quebec 1990: conflict between Mohawks (Kahnawake * Kanesatake) attempting 2 defend a cemetery from development & provincial police & Canadian military deployed history: early european contact of 16th-17th century were cooperative, seeing red - answer - -examines media portrayals of Indigenous ppls -much hasn't changed since 1869 -colonial imaginary thrives today in press/media -the mainstream positions itself as the rightful owner of aboriginal lands, -colonial policy/hegemonic assimilation= 1) treaty system that stripped aboriginals of their land; military conquest, positions themselves against America, 1997 Supreme Court said that Canada has colonial intentions w/ treaty relations 2) residential school -canada=imagined community -these two colonial projects show that press coverage did not occur in a vacuum, if Canadian society is colonialist then it will show in press coverage -mainstream media = complicit in supporting the cultural hierarchy and moral authority at the heart of the existing social order -Kunz & Fleras -rule of three; the media spoke in a language that helped create colonial policies, it said that aboriginals when compared to whites have 3 essentialized characteristics 1) depravitiy 2) innate inferiority 3) stubborn resistance to progress -servved to teach Canadians about imagined native inferiority, and reinforce prevalent mainstream notions -an element of construction of nations/national identities is the articulation of difference and contrast w/ respect to others, uses as a means to gauge itself in positive ways -press= national curriculum that reinforces status quo -canadian common sense; mainstream common sense, generic hegemony, where the imperial agent embodies the dominant normative, naturalizes it and assumes the right to define and punish the other -mainstream Canada looks at the world in a way and acts on it -positive self-perceptions are the glue that binds Canada together; national mythologies, imagined Canada, sees this as the only way & rejects others -haycock; said it got better in the 70's=wrong! -lambertus; 1995 standoff; press stereotype - answer - perceived behavioural or personality trait that is assigned meaning and applied to an entire social group +provide info about the ppl