SPEA V185 FINAL EXAM – Questions With
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Terms in this set (213)
Define and identify the four major -Theory
components of the scientific method -Operationalization
-Observation
-Analysis
Theory Some basic understanding of things that helps us
simplify and explain complex relationships
Operationalization How to turn abstract concepts into something
tangible/meaningful
Observation How to measure
Analysis How to demonstrate causality or pattern?
,independent variable -Causes, explanations.
-Things that we think are important factors in driving
the outcomes (dependent variables) that we are
interested in.
Examples. ideology, motivation, the political and
economic situation, etc.
Dependent variable A factor, event, or outcome that we want to explain.
Ex: Performance of a public organization, outcomes
for clients of public programs, the decisions that
policymakers make etc...
Normative statement are opinions. (the way we think the world should be)
Empirical statement A fact-based statement. (the way the world is)
major role and responsibilities for the -has fewer spending categories
federal gov -focuses more on national security/defense and
entitlement programs
major role and responsibilities for the -have considerable policymaking powers and
state gov authority in areas like criminal justice, healthcare,
education, social welfare, infrastructure, and
transportation
- state governments also play a major brokering
role, as the intermediary level, between the federal
and local governements
major role and responsibilities for the -tend to focus on the direct delivery of goods and
local gov services
-Primary spending is on elementary and secondary
education,
health, hospitals, welfare, and utilities.
,What is entitlement spending -spending on social welfare programs
-programs such as Medicare, to which individuals
are "entitled" by law) over last four decades
How much spending at the federal Increase in entitlement program spending over last
level falls within entitlement spending four decades
How is entitlement spending it will continue to increase
projected to change in the coming
years
What is a special district These are special purpose government districts that
exist separately from local governments. Usually
made for serving a very specific purpose or task.
What purpose do these special mostly provide a single service such as education,
district serve (see video) cemeteries, transportation, or fire protection, and
they usually are used for ongoing service provision
(including street lighting, park maintenance, and
storm-drainage management)
What are direct tools of government government provides goods and services, income
support, interest on the national debt, direct loans.
like Police and fire protection
What are indirect tools of contracting out of government programs to
government nongovernmental partners and funding grant,
voucher, and loan programs.
-regulations
-tax breaks
Which type of tool is most used by indirect tools
the three levels of government?
What are polyarchies Government controls means of production, relies
heavily on coercive mechanisms of command and
control, based on central planning
, What are markets buyers and sellers participate voluntarily, prices
determined based on amount that people willing to
pay, sellers must compete to produce highest
quality goods for lowest costs
How are these two economic they are two basic ways to organize an economy to
structures used in the United States provide goods and services; the US organizes its
economy in a mixed way
What is a public good -service that is provided without profit to all
members of a society either by the government or a
private individual
-non-excludable and non-rival
How does the classification of goods people argue that public goods benefit society as a
as public goods relate to the ways whole, and should therefore be heavily subsidized
that people think about the by government resources.
appropriate role for government in
providing these goods
What is a free-rider members who enjoy the collective good without
making contributions
What are market failures? an inefficient distribution of goods and services in
the free market
What are the major causes for market -externalities
failures? -issues caused by free riders
What are externalities? actions that negatively / positively affect the well
being of bystanders who are not party to the market
transaction
positive externalities? A positive externality exists if the production and
consumption of a good or service benefits a third
party not directly involved in the market transaction.
For ex: education
Complete Solutions
Add to calendar
Play your way to mastery with fun games
Match Blocks Charms NEW
Terms in this set (213)
Define and identify the four major -Theory
components of the scientific method -Operationalization
-Observation
-Analysis
Theory Some basic understanding of things that helps us
simplify and explain complex relationships
Operationalization How to turn abstract concepts into something
tangible/meaningful
Observation How to measure
Analysis How to demonstrate causality or pattern?
,independent variable -Causes, explanations.
-Things that we think are important factors in driving
the outcomes (dependent variables) that we are
interested in.
Examples. ideology, motivation, the political and
economic situation, etc.
Dependent variable A factor, event, or outcome that we want to explain.
Ex: Performance of a public organization, outcomes
for clients of public programs, the decisions that
policymakers make etc...
Normative statement are opinions. (the way we think the world should be)
Empirical statement A fact-based statement. (the way the world is)
major role and responsibilities for the -has fewer spending categories
federal gov -focuses more on national security/defense and
entitlement programs
major role and responsibilities for the -have considerable policymaking powers and
state gov authority in areas like criminal justice, healthcare,
education, social welfare, infrastructure, and
transportation
- state governments also play a major brokering
role, as the intermediary level, between the federal
and local governements
major role and responsibilities for the -tend to focus on the direct delivery of goods and
local gov services
-Primary spending is on elementary and secondary
education,
health, hospitals, welfare, and utilities.
,What is entitlement spending -spending on social welfare programs
-programs such as Medicare, to which individuals
are "entitled" by law) over last four decades
How much spending at the federal Increase in entitlement program spending over last
level falls within entitlement spending four decades
How is entitlement spending it will continue to increase
projected to change in the coming
years
What is a special district These are special purpose government districts that
exist separately from local governments. Usually
made for serving a very specific purpose or task.
What purpose do these special mostly provide a single service such as education,
district serve (see video) cemeteries, transportation, or fire protection, and
they usually are used for ongoing service provision
(including street lighting, park maintenance, and
storm-drainage management)
What are direct tools of government government provides goods and services, income
support, interest on the national debt, direct loans.
like Police and fire protection
What are indirect tools of contracting out of government programs to
government nongovernmental partners and funding grant,
voucher, and loan programs.
-regulations
-tax breaks
Which type of tool is most used by indirect tools
the three levels of government?
What are polyarchies Government controls means of production, relies
heavily on coercive mechanisms of command and
control, based on central planning
, What are markets buyers and sellers participate voluntarily, prices
determined based on amount that people willing to
pay, sellers must compete to produce highest
quality goods for lowest costs
How are these two economic they are two basic ways to organize an economy to
structures used in the United States provide goods and services; the US organizes its
economy in a mixed way
What is a public good -service that is provided without profit to all
members of a society either by the government or a
private individual
-non-excludable and non-rival
How does the classification of goods people argue that public goods benefit society as a
as public goods relate to the ways whole, and should therefore be heavily subsidized
that people think about the by government resources.
appropriate role for government in
providing these goods
What is a free-rider members who enjoy the collective good without
making contributions
What are market failures? an inefficient distribution of goods and services in
the free market
What are the major causes for market -externalities
failures? -issues caused by free riders
What are externalities? actions that negatively / positively affect the well
being of bystanders who are not party to the market
transaction
positive externalities? A positive externality exists if the production and
consumption of a good or service benefits a third
party not directly involved in the market transaction.
For ex: education
