Exam Study Guide Midterm Final - Practice Exam Solutions

Exam Study Guide Midterm Final - Practice Exam Solutions What are barriers to seeking mental health care in children & adolescents? - answer - Children- Although children and adolescents may seek help, they usually drop out before treatment is effective due to poverty, language barriers, living in communities with lack of resources, stressors such as family issues, violence in the community, unstable housing, unemployment and food insecurity. Adolescents- Many parents lack an access to sufficient care for their children or themselves during perinatal. Parents and adolescents are reluctant to receive care due to the stigmas or negative perceptions towards mental health services. What are some barriers that pregnant women are faced with when attempting to seek care for mental health? - answer - Perinatal- cost, scheduling conflicts and high staff turnover rate causes issues for families seeking care. Less than 15% of women get treated for PPD. Explain the sensorimotor stage (ages 0-2) according to Piaget. - answer - Children experience the world through their senses and motor responses. The goal of this stage is object permanence. Explain the pre-operational stage (ages 2-7) according to Piaget. - answer - Children think symbolically and think very concrete. They learn to use words or pictures to represent objects. They are egocentric and have difficulty seeing things from others' perspectives. Pre-operational thinking is very concrete. So think very straight forward when you are teaching them: "You know how its hard for you to sit still and pay attention in school? This medicine will help you" . Imagination is still strong however abstract thinking is difficult. Think Ade's responses. THE ABSENCE OF OBJECT PERMANENCE. Explain the concrete-operational stage (ages 7-11) according to Piaget. - answer - Children begin to think more logical and organized about concrete events. They begin to reason inductively, from specific information to principles. Using similes within teaching is great for this group. "It's kind of like you've got a great bike. The brakes just need some fixing. The medication is like fixing the brakes." Time, space, and quantity is understood however not as separate concepts. Explain the Formal-operational stage (ages 12 and up) according to Piaget. - answer - Adolescents and young adults begin to reason abstractly and can consider hypothetical problems. They begin to think more about moral, philosophical, ethical, social, and political issues. "This medication can help you ignore distractions so you can complete tasks. They can also help with self-control, which may help you get along better with your friends and parents. Do you have any concerns about taking the medication?" They begin to start planning at this age. -50% of lifetime mental illnesses begin at the age of 14. -50% of children ages 8-15 are not treated for mental illnesses - answer - How does consent work with children? - answer - Parents may decide whether to allow treatment if the child is unable to provide true informed consent (Preston et al., 2021). Although children may not be able to give legal consent, they should be included in discussions about medication and treatment whenever possible. Child input into treatment decisions may encourage treatment adherence. Positive experiences with providers and treatment can help instill the perception that treatment is beneficial, which can support positive mental health behaviors in the future. What should be included in the consent form and documentation when discussing information (such as taking psychotropic drugs) with pregnant patients? - answer - Informed consent should include side effects possible/rare side effects to mother and baby regardless of incidence the patient's decision to continue or discontinue treatment potential risks of continuing or discontinuing treatment Referral to perinatal psychiatrist if the patient is at high risk or on a high-risk medication. What are som